{"id":4841,"date":"2021-02-16T23:55:40","date_gmt":"2021-02-16T18:25:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?page_id=4841"},"modified":"2024-03-18T15:30:30","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T10:00:30","password":"","slug":"preamble-preface-introduction-of-the-constitution","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/preamble-preface-introduction-of-the-constitution","title":{"rendered":"UNDERSTANDING INDIA&#8217;S CONSTITUTION: PRINCIPLES &#038; PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt; color: #ffffff;\"><b>UNDERSTANDING INDIA&#8217;S CONSTITUTION: PRINCIPLES &#038; PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>OUR PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION: VALUES, VISION, AND PEOPLE&#8217;S SOVEREIGNTY<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>American Constitution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: 1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">st<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to begin with preamble.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preamble of the <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/indian-constitution-exploration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indian Constitution<\/a> is based upon <\/span><b>Objective Resolution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> drafted &#038; moved by <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/jawaharlal-nehru\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pandit Nehru<\/a> on <\/span><b>13 December 1946<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and adopted by Constituent Assembly on 22 January 1947.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Amended only once<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by 42<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nd<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Amendment 1976: added 3 new words- Socialist, Secular &#038; Integrity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Preamble of the Indian Constitution embodies the basic philosophy and fundamental values- political, moral and religious on which constitution is based.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contains the grand and noble vision of the Constituent Assembly, and reflects the dreams and aspirations of the founding fathers of the Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preamble of the Indian Constitution is neither a source of power to the legislature nor a prohibition on powers of legislature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is non-justiciable \u2013 non enforceable in courts of law.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preamble resembles the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America \u2013 M. Hidayatullah.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preamble of the Indian Constitution was enacted by the Constituent Assembly <\/span><b>after <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the rest of the Constitution was already enacted to ensure its conformity with the Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u201cWe the people of India\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Emphasizes that the constitution is made by and for the Indian people. It emphasizes the \u201cconcept of popular sovereignty\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JUSTICE, Social, Economic and Political;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all; FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION\u201d.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><strong>Also Read: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/union-territories-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UNDERSTANDING INDIA&#8217;S TERRITORIES: STATES VS. UNION TERRITORIES<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>ESSENCE OF INDIAN PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION: AUTHORITY, STATE, OBJECTIVES, ADOPTION<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6606%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 32.4144%;\"><b>Source of authority of the Constitution<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 69.7577%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Derives its authority from people of India<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 32.4144%;\"><b>Nature of Indian State<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 69.7577%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 32.4144%;\"><b>Objectives of the Constitution<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 69.7577%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Justice (Russian Revolution), Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (all three from French revolution)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 32.4144%;\"><b>Date of adoption of the Constitution<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 69.7577%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">26 November 1949<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>UNDERSTANDING THE PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION: KEY TO INDIA&#8217;S CONSTITUTIONAL IDENTITY<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Horoscope of the Indian democratic republic + Philosophy of the Constitution + Summary of the Preamble of the Indian Constitution + Identity card of our Constitution (N. A Palkhivala) + Key to the mind of the Constitution makers + Beacon light for judiciary to decide constitutionality of law.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><b>ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS IN INDIA&#8217;S CONSTITUTION: PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION INSIGHTS<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 10.1961%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>Sovereign:<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 89.098%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complete independent State + Not a dominion of any other country. + Sovereign in internal &#038; external matters. + As a sovereign country, India can acquire a foreign territory or cede a part in favor of any other country.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 10.1961%;\"><b>Socialist:<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 89.098%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Added by 42nd amendment (1976) + Socialist contents are implicit in DPSPs (Art 36-51) but 42nd amendment mentioned it explicitly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Socialism (Marxism + Gandhism, heavily leaning towards Gandhism) \u00e0 Democratic Socialism \u00e0 Adopted Mixed Economic model where both public &#038; private sector coexists side by side.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 10.1961%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>Secular:<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 89.098%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Added by 42<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nd<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> amendment (1976) + Part of basic structure doctrine. + SC (1974): Secular State was implicitly mentioned in articles 25 to 28<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Positive Secularism in India: All religions have the same status and support from the state.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 10.1961%;\" rowspan=\"6\"><b>Democratic<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 89.098%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Democratic \u00e0 Doctrine of popular sovereignty &#8211; possession of supreme power by the people.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It embraces = political + social + economic democracy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian democracy: Representative Parliamentary democracy. Executive is responsible to the legislature for all its policies and actions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manifestation of Indian Democracy: Universal adult franchise, periodic elections, rule of law, independence of judiciary and absence of discrimination on certain grounds.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 89.098%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>INSTRUMENTS OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 14.5882%;\"><b>1. Referendum<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 74.5098%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Procedure whereby a proposed legislation is referred to the electorate for settlement by their direct votes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 14.5882%;\"><b>2. Initiative<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 74.5098%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Method by means of which the people can propose a bill to the legislature for enactment<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 14.5882%;\"><b>3. Recall<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 74.5098%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Method by means of which the voters can remove a representative or an officer before the expiry of his term<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 14.5882%;\"><b>4. Plebiscite<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 74.5098%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Method of obtaining the opinion India\u2019s of people on any issue of public importance<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 10.1961%;\"><b>Republic:<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 89.098%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two Categories: Monarchy (Britain) &#038; Republic (USA\/India).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian republic: Head of State (President) is indirectly elected.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Republic means: Vesting political sovereignty in people. Absence of any privileged class and all public offices open to all without any discrimination.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 54-55<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2013 related to the election of the President.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 10.1961%;\" rowspan=\"4\"><b>Justice:<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 89.098%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taken from the Russian Revolution (1917).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Embraces three types of justice: Social, Economic, Political.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distributive Justice = <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/social-justice-principles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social Justice<\/a> + Economic Justice<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 14.5882%;\"><b>Social<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 74.5098%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Equal treatment of all citizens without any social distinction based on caste, colour, race, religion, sex etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Absence of privileges to any particular section.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improvement in the conditions of backward classes &#038; women.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 14.5882%;\"><b>Economic<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 74.5098%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Non-discrimination between people based on economic factors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elimination of inequalities in wealth, income &#038; property.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 14.5882%;\"><b>Political<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 74.5098%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All citizens should have equal political rights, equal access to all political offices &#038; equal voice in the government.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 10.1961%;\"><b>Liberty:<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 89.098%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ideals of liberty, equality, fraternity: from French Revolution (1789).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Absence of restraints on the activities of individuals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Providing opportunities for the development of individual personalities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preamble secures: liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith &#038; worship.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liberty does not mean: License to do what one likes. Need to be enjoyed within limitations mentioned in the constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liberty ensured in preamble &#038; Fundamental Rights is not absolute but qualified.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 10.1961%;\" rowspan=\"4\"><b>Equality:<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 89.098%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Absence of special privileges to any section of society.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adequate opportunities for all without discrimination.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preamble secures: Equality of status + opportunity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 14.5882%;\"><b>Civic\u00a0<\/b><b>Equality<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 74.5098%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Equality before law (Art.14)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth (Art.15)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Equality of opportunity in public employment (Art.16)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abolition of untouchability (Art.17)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abolition of titles (Art.18)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 14.5882%;\"><b>Political Equality<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 74.5098%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No one is ineligible for inclusion in the electoral rolls on the grounds of religion, race, caste or sex (Art.325)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lok Sabha &#038; state assembly elections based on adult franchise. (Art.326)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 14.5882%;\"><b>Economic Equality<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 74.5098%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Equal right to adequate means of livelihood &#038; equal pay for equal work to men and women. (Art.39)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 10.1961%;\"><b>Fraternity:<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 89.098%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sense of brotherhood. + Single Citizenship promotes fraternity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 51-A: Fundamental duty of every citizen to promote harmony and spirit of common brotherhood transcending religious, linguistic, regional or sectional diversities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fraternity: dignity of individual (personality of every individual is sacred) + unity &#038; integrity of India. (Word Integrity is added through 42nd amendment).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dignity of individual is ensured in Fundamental Rights, DPSPs, Fundamental Duties.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unity &#038; integrity of nation embraces both psychological + territorial dimensions of national integration.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><b>UNION OF TRINITY = LIBERTY + EQUALITY + FRATERNITY<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All three forms union of trinity. If any of these is divorced from other it will defeat the purpose of democracy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Without equality, liberty would produce the supremacy of the few over many. Equality without liberty would kill individual initiative.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>UNION OF TRINITY = LIBERTY + EQUALITY + FRATERNITY = SOCIAL DEMOCRACY<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong><b>SUPREME COURT &#038; PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION: INTEGRAL PART OF INDIA&#8217;S CONSTITUTION<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 28.363%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Case<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 71.2318%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Supreme Court View<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 28.363%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Berubari Union Case (1960)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 71.2318%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preamble of the Indian Constitution shows general purpose behind several provisions of the constitution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If terms used in articles are ambiguous, some assistance of preamble could be taken for interpretation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SC held that Preamble is not a part of Constitution.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 28.363%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 71.2318%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preamble of the Indian Constitution<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 28.363%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>LIC of India Case (1995)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 71.2318%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SC again held; preamble is an integral part of Constitution.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>AMENDING THE PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION: LIMITS AND BASIC STRUCTURE DOCTRINE<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether Preamble of the Indian Constitution can be amended or not was dealt in Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/supreme-court-udaan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Supreme Court<\/a> reversed its verdict in Berubari Union Case (1960) and held that Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution and it can be amended under Art.368. But such amendment should not destroy \u2018Basic Structure\u2019 of the Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9052%; height: 395px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 207.515%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00; text-align: center; height: 73px;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCERT Notes For UPSC<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 157.772%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/blogs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Blogs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 157.772%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 157.772%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 103px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 103px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-previous-year-papers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Mains Previous Year Papers<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 157.772%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 103px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Test Series 2024<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UNDERSTANDING INDIA&#8217;S CONSTITUTION: PRINCIPLES &#038; PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION OUR PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION: VALUES, VISION, AND PEOPLE&#8217;S SOVEREIGNTY American Constitution: 1st to begin with preamble. Preamble of the Indian Constitution is based upon Objective Resolution drafted &#038; moved by Pandit Nehru on 13 December 1946 and adopted by Constituent Assembly on 22&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/preamble-preface-introduction-of-the-constitution\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">UNDERSTANDING INDIA&#8217;S CONSTITUTION: PRINCIPLES &#038; PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[184],"doc_tag":[],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-04","word_count":1297,"total_views":"2039","reactions":{"happy":"1","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"bks_editor","author_nicename":"bks_editor","author_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/author\/bks_editor"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f","term_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs-category\/%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/4841"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4841"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/4841\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":95934,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/4841\/revisions\/95934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=4841"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=4841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}