{"id":113699,"date":"2024-06-13T19:21:22","date_gmt":"2024-06-13T13:51:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=editorial-analysis&#038;p=113699"},"modified":"2024-06-14T13:33:49","modified_gmt":"2024-06-14T08:03:49","slug":"why-heatwaves-were-not-included-as-notified-disasters","status":"publish","type":"editorial-analysis","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/why-heatwaves-were-not-included-as-notified-disasters","title":{"rendered":"Why Heatwaves have not been included as a Notified Disaster in the Disaster Management Act"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ongoing <\/span><b>spell of extreme heat <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in many parts of the country has once again reopened discussions on the <\/span><b>inclusion of heatwaves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as one of the notified disasters under the <\/span><b>Disaster Management (DM) Act, 2005.<\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.199%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Relevancy for Prelims:<\/b> <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/heatwaves-not-a-notified-disaster\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heatwaves- Not A Notified Disaster<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/india-heat-action-plans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India&#8217;s Heat Action Plans To Tackle Heatwaves<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/disaster-management-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disaster Management In India<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/urban-heat-island-effect\/#:~:text=India%20needs%20to%20incorporate%20heat,mitigate%20urban%20heat%20island%20effects.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Heat Island Effect<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Disaster Management Act, Notified Disasters, NDRF, SDRF, etc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Relevancy for Mains: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Need for Including Heatwave as a Notified Disaster in the Disaster Management Act, Major Challenges Associated with inclusion of Heatwave as a Notified Disaster in the Disaster Management Act etc.<\/span><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>What are Notified Disasters?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Implications of Including Heatwaves as Notified Disasters: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the heatwaves are included as notified disasters, states will be allowed to use their <\/span><b>disaster response funds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to provide compensation and relief, and carry out a range of other activities for <\/span><b>managing the fallout of a heatwave.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently, states need to <\/span><b>use their own funds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for these activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Disaster<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The DM Act was enacted in the wake of the <\/span><b>1999 Odisha super-cyclone and the 2004 tsunami.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It defines a disaster as a &#8220;<\/span><b>catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221; arising from &#8220;<\/span><b>natural or man-made causes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221; that results in substantial loss of life, destruction of property, or damage to the environment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It must also be of such nature which is &#8220;<\/span><b>beyond the coping capacity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221; of the community.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Catastrophe:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Definition:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A very <\/span><b>large-scale disaster<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> causing widespread destruction and distress.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Example: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>2004 Indian Ocean tsunami <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was a catastrophe because it caused immense loss of life, massive property damage, and affected many countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Mishap:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Definition: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A small, unfortunate <\/span><b>accident or incident.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A kitchen fire caused by leaving the stove on is a mishap. It may cause some damage and in<\/span><b>convenience but is generally limited in scope and impact.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Calamity:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Definition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: A serious event causing great and often <\/span><b>sudden damage or distress<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; a disaster.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Example: An earthquake<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that destroys homes and infrastructure, causing significant suffering to people, is a calamity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Major Categories of Disasters: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently, there are <\/span><b>12 categories of disasters <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which are notified under this Act.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are cyclones, drought, earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, hailstorm, landslide, avalanche, cloudburst, pest attack, and frost and cold waves.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If such an event happens, then the provisions of the DM Act can be invoked.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Funding<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Types of Funds:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The provisions allow states to draw money from the two funds that have been set up under this law &#8211; the <\/span><b>National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the national level and the <\/span><b>State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the state level.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the<\/span><b> entire money of the NDRF <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">comes from the central government, states contribute<\/span><b> 25% of the money in the\u00a0 SDRF<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (10% in case of special category states), the rest comes from the Centre.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Purpose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The money in these funds <\/span><b>cannot be used for any purpose <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">other than response and management of notified disasters.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The states first utilise the funds available in the SDRF, and only if the<\/span><b> magnitude of the disaster is unmanageable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the SDRF, states seek the money from the NDRF.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the FY 2023-24, <\/span><b>only two states drew money from the NDRF <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(see box).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-113740\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/131-666b026cda4e7.webp\" alt=\"Notified Disaster \" width=\"550\" height=\"654\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/131-666b026cda4e7.webp 602w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/131-666b026cda4e7-252x300.webp 252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Why Heatwaves Were Not Included As Notified Disasters?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the last 15 years, however, both the <\/span><b>severity and frequency <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of heatwaves have increased.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to increased economic activity, there is a far larger number of people who have to remain outdoors for their livelihoods or other reasons, exposing them to the<\/span><b> risk of a heat- stroke.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are <\/span><b>23 states<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which are vulnerable to heatwaves.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Though heatwaves are not a new phenomenon in India, and <\/span><b>heat-related illnesses and deaths<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have been common in large parts of northern, eastern and central India, these were <\/span><b>not viewed as a disaster<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when the Act came into being in 2005.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was because <\/span><b>heatwaves were a common occurrence <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">during summer, and not really an unusual weather event.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These states as well as several vulnerable cities have now prepared<\/span><b> heat action plans (HAPs) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to deal with the impacts of extreme heat.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>HAPs involve activities like<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> creation of shaded spaces, ensuring availability of cool water in public places, distribution of simple oral solutions, and reorganising the schedules of schools, colleges and office working hours.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These measures require expenditure but state governments have <\/span><b>not been able to use the SDRF<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for them.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the reason for the<\/span><b> demand for inclusion of heatwaves <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as a notified disaster in the DM Act.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Why is the Centre not adding Heatwaves as a Notified Disaster now?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Finance Commission Reluctance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: States have put the demand of including heatwaves as a notified disaster before the<\/span><b> last three Finance Commissions <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; the periodically established Constitutional body that decides on the distribution of financial resources between the Centre and states.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the Finance Commissions have <\/span><b>not entirely been convinced.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> 15th Finance Commission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, whose recommendations are currently being applied, said the existing list of notified disasters &#8220;<\/span><b>covers the needs of the states to a large extent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221; and did not find merit in the request to include heatwaves.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But it endorsed an <\/span><b>enabling provision <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">created by the preceding Commission that allowed states to utilise at least a part of the <\/span><b>SDRF money &#8211; up to 10%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; for <\/span><b>&#8220;local disasters&#8221; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">such as lightning or heatwaves, which states could notify on their own.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using this new enabling provision, at least four states &#8211; <\/span><b>Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and Kerala<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; have added heatwaves as local disasters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Centre has so far <\/span><b>resisted demands to notify it as a national disaster<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, using the Finance Commission as an excuse.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Practical Difficulties:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although unstated, the main reason behind the reluctance to add heatwave as a notified disaster is the potentially <\/span><b>huge financial implication<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the move.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government has to provide<\/span><b> monetary compensation &#8211; Rs 4 lakh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; for every life lost because of a disaster that is in the notified list.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Grievous injuries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> also have to be compensated.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heatwaves<\/span><b> claim a large number of lives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> every year, even though the recorded number of deaths have not been very high in recent years. But this is changing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This year, <\/span><b>more than 500 heat-related deaths <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have already been reported.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once the government is mandated to provide compensation, a<\/span><b> larger number of deaths could be revealed.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Other Reasons:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The other reason is the problem in<\/span><b> attributing deaths to heatwaves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In most cases, <\/span><b>heat itself does not claim lives. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most people die due to <\/span><b>other pre-existing conditions, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">made worse by the impact of extreme heat.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is often difficult to ascertain whether it was <\/span><b>heat that made the difference.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is <\/span><b>very different from other disasters<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in whose case the identification of the victims is easier and more straight-forward.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the five year period between 2021-26, the <\/span><b>15th Finance Commission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> had recommended an allocation of <\/span><b>Rs 1,60,153 crore to the various SDRFs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a substantial sum of money.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A state like <\/span><b>Uttar Pradesh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has been allocated about<\/span><b> Rs 11,400 crore <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in its SDRF for the five-year period.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Maharashtra&#8217;s share<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the maximum, about <\/span><b>Rs 19,000 crore.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This money is meant to deal with <\/span><b>all kinds of disasters<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during this period.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fear is that even this money could become <\/span><b>insufficient if heatwaves and lightning <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; another disaster that claims a large number of lives every year &#8211; is added to the notified list of disasters.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inclusion of heatwaves as notified disasters would<\/span><b> facilitate better resource allocation and management<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, though financial and practical challenges hinder immediate implementation under the DM Act, 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.3%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mains Question:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/heatwaves-have-become-increasingly-frequent-and-severe-in-india-causing-significant-loss-of-life-and-economic-damage-examine-the-reasons-behind-the-reluctance-to-include-heatwaves-as-a-notified-disa-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q. Heatwaves have become increasingly frequent and severe in India, causing significant loss of life and economic damage. Examine the reasons behind the reluctance to include heatwaves as a notified disaster under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.\u00a0 \u00a0 (10M, 150 words)<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.342%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 138.421%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.8856%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.8856%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.8856%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Test Series 2024<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.8856%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 138.421%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The ongoing spell of extreme heat in many parts of the country has once again reopened discussions on the inclusion of heatwaves as one of the notified disasters under the Disaster Management (DM) Act, 2005.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":113810,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[],"subject":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-analysis\/113699"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-analysis"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/editorial-analysis"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113699"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-analysis\/113699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":113820,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-analysis\/113699\/revisions\/113820"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/113810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113699"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=113699"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=113699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}