{"id":115633,"date":"2024-06-21T19:16:24","date_gmt":"2024-06-21T13:46:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=editorial-analysis&#038;p=115633"},"modified":"2024-06-21T19:16:24","modified_gmt":"2024-06-21T13:46:24","slug":"ai-regulation-india-can-look-to-japan","status":"publish","type":"editorial-analysis","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/ai-regulation-india-can-look-to-japan","title":{"rendered":"AI Regulation, India can Look to Japan for a Balanced Framework"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1991, the Indian government articulated a <\/span><b>\u2018Look East policy\u2019<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to build extensive economic and strategic relations with its <\/span><b>eastern neighbours and Southeast Asia.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.099%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Relevancy for Prelims:<\/b> <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/udaan\/artificial-intelligence-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Artificial Intelligence In India<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/new-ai-rules-of-european-union\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New AI Rules Of European Union<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/artificial-general-intelligence-agi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/europes-ai-convention\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europe&#8217;s AI Convention<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/global-ai-summit-2023-artificial-intelligence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global AI Summit 2023<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/gpai-summit-2023\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GPAI Summit 2023<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/deepfake-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What Is Deepfake Technology?<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and , EU\u2019s AI Act, large language model (LLM), etc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Relevancy for Mains:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Japan\u2019s balanced AI regulatory framework, India\u2019s \u2018Look East\u2019 policy, India AI Mission, etc.<\/span><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>AI Regulation<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This was different from the <\/span><b>traditional \u2018West facing\u2019 outlook<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, in which we looked to learn from Europe and North America.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the<\/span><b> age of AI <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">upon us, India is considering how it should both <\/span><b>foster and regulate this powerful new technology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which can reshape industry, society and geopolitics.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI promises huge<\/span><b> economic and social benefits,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but there are concerns around copyright, human rights violations, privacy and fairness.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For instance, the<\/span><b> issue of deepfakes clouded<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the recent elections, with fears of democracy being subverted.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For regulating AI, should <\/span><b>India look West <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">towards the <\/span><b>EU and its AI Act, or at the US and UK,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which are considering more Big Techfriendly regimes?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I believe that India should <\/span><b>bring back its Look East philosophy <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and learn from another large democracy, <\/span><b>Japan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which has been quietly <\/span><b>building an AI regulatory regime<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that balances the need for integrating AI safely in society with building an environment for innovation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It sees AI as a lever with which it can <\/span><b>leapfrog decades of stagnation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in its innovation and tech ecosystem.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Similarly, AI can offer India a<\/span><b> strong impetus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to become <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/viksit-bharat-youth-workshop\/#:~:text=Vision%20of%20Developed%20Nation%3A%20Viksit,environmental%20sustainability%2C%20and%20good%20governance.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Viksit Bharat by 2047<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Japan effectively <\/span><b>leveraged the 2023 G7 summit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where the<\/span><b> Hiroshima AI process<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> gave a clarion call for exploring various frameworks to regulate AI.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was no coincidence that the summit was in Hiroshima, with its stark reminder on<\/span><b> what could happen if technology is misused<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two basic approaches emerged: a <\/span><b>\u2018hard lawbased\u2019 approach<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with strict obligations, as evidenced by the<\/span><b> EU\u2019s AI Act and Chinese regulation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and a \u2018<\/span><b>soft law-based\u2019 one<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which emphasizes<\/span><b> non-binding guidance and principles.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Japan leans towards the latter.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The government acts as a facilitator: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI is a complex ecosystem of technologies, and the <\/span><b>Japanese government prefers to be a facilitator <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rather than sole creator of innovation.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It acknowledges the<\/span><b> private sector <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as the primary<\/span><b> driver and activates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> its governance institutions to help them.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Japan\u2019s foreign affairs ministry coordinated t<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he Hiroshima process, for example, and its<\/span><b> cultural affairs ministry<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is looking at copyright issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a <\/span><b>perfect template for India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to adopt.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government should place the<\/span><b> private technology sector at the centre<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of Indian efforts, with enabling roles to be<\/span><b> played by its ministries of electronics <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and information technology, law, and information and broadcasting.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Focused funding and investment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Japan has created a <\/span><b>large fund for <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/generative-ai-and-copyright-issues\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Generative AI<\/b><\/a><b>,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> domestic data centres and local chip production.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It offers<\/span><b> incentives and subsidies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in partnership with<\/span><b> cloud computing providers <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and tech companies.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has a similar fund, set up as<\/span><b> part of the <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/india-ai-mission\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>India AI Mission<\/b><\/a><b>.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But the difference is that much of the Indian funding is being<\/span><b> used to procure processing units centrally <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rather than decentralize innovation (like in Japan).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Effective government-academia-industry collaboration: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>AI Japan R&#038;D Network<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> works across universities, research institutes, private sector and global tech companies to recommend <\/span><b>policies on AI research and companies.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is doing something similar; we already have the constituents, with our<\/span><b> IITs and IISc, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a robust private sector and a strong global tech presence.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Building Domestic Competence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Japan is looking to build its own <\/span><b>large language model (LLM);<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India has a raft of them being built and they would benefit greatly from government support.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We also have expertise in building <\/span><b>citizencentric technology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with initiatives like <\/span><b>Aadhaar and UPI.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A similar model can help build <\/span><b>GenAI as a public good<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Philosophical argument: Western and Eastern societies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> differ considerably in their approach to fundamental societal issues like <\/span><b>privacy and data usage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In my research at Cambridge University, I realized that the <\/span><b>Western idea of privacy <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as being the <\/span><b>\u2018right to be left alone\u2019 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was quite different from the Eastern notion of <\/span><b>\u2018collective or societal privacy.\u2019<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI is both <\/span><b>transformational and inevitable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As it shapes industry, society, humanity and the global order, the <\/span><b>world\u2019s most populous country cannot afford<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to be left behind.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other countries are racing to<\/span><b> set up frameworks, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and Indian policymakers need to step up the urgency.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As they do so, they would be<\/span><b> well served by looking at Japan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which has similar cultural traits, and taking a <\/span><b>hard-nosed approach<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that balances innovation and regulation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India should adopt <\/span><b>Japan\u2019s balanced AI regulatory framework, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">emphasizing innovation while ensuring societal safety, leveraging government-industry collaboration and domestic competence for<\/span><b> Viksit Bharat by 2047.<\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9987%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mains Question:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/compare-the-ai-regulatory-approaches-of-the-european-union-the-united-states-and-japan-which-aspects-of-these-approaches-should-india-consider-adopting-to-effectively-balance-innovation-and-regulat-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q. Compare the AI regulatory approaches of the European Union, the United States, and Japan. Which aspects of these approaches should India consider adopting to effectively balance innovation and regulation?\u00a0 (15 Marks, 250 Words)<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.028%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.917%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.3814%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; 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