{"id":119507,"date":"2024-07-13T19:26:54","date_gmt":"2024-07-13T13:56:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=editorial-analysis&#038;p=119507"},"modified":"2024-07-15T16:44:45","modified_gmt":"2024-07-15T11:14:45","slug":"non-subsidized-fertilisers","status":"publish","type":"editorial-analysis","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/non-subsidized-fertilisers","title":{"rendered":"Deregulation of Non-Subsidized Fertilisers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With an unconducive environment for <\/span><b>price decontrol of urea, DAP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and other politically-sensitive nutrients, the focus may now be on expanding the market for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/deregulation-of-non-subsidised-fertilisers\/\"><b>non-subsidised fertiliser products<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through easing of registration requirements<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.191%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Relevancy for Prelims: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maximum Retail Price (MRP), Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) Scheme, etc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Relevancy for Mains:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Potential benefits and drawbacks of deregulation of non-subsidised fertilizers, etc.<\/span><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>About Fertiliser Subsidy<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government pays a <\/span><b>subsidy to fertiliser<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> producers to allow farmers to buy fertilisers at <\/span><b>below- market rates.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The difference between the <\/span><b>cost of production\/import of a fertiliser<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the actual amount paid by farmers is the subsidy portion borne by the government.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Subsidy on Urea<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In India, <\/span><b>urea is the most produced, imported, consumed and physically regulated fertiliser<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of all. It is subsidised only for agricultural uses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Centre <\/span><b>pays a subsidy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on urea to fertiliser manufacturers on the basis of cost of production at each plant and the units are required to sell the fertiliser at the government-set <\/span><b>Maximum Retail Price (MRP).<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>MRP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of urea is currently fixed at <\/span><b>Rs 5,628 per tonne.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Subsidy on Non-Urea Fertilisers<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The MRPs of <\/span><b>non-urea fertilisers are decontrolled or fixed by the companies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But the government has, in recent times, and especially with the <\/span><b>global price surge post the Russia-Ukraine war,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> brought these fertilisers under the control regime.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All Non-Urea based fertilisers are regulated under <\/span><b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/nutrient-based-subsidy-nbs\/\">Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) Scheme<\/a>.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Examples of non-urea fertilisers <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; DAP and MOP.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Companies do not sell <\/span><b>DAP at more than Rs 27,000 per tonne<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>About Non-Subsidized Fertilisers<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Non-subsidized fertilisers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are <\/span><b>sold at market prices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> without any government financial assistance or subsidy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farmers purchasing non-subsidized fertilisers<\/span><b> pay the full market rate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> without discounted prices provided by the government.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cost of non-subsidized fertilisers can<\/span><b> vary based on market conditions,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> including supply, demand, and international pricing trends.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Governments often<\/span><b> subsidise fertilisers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to make them <\/span><b>more affordable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for farmers, aiming to support agricultural productivity and food security.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Deregulating non-subsidized fertilisers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It refers to<\/span><b> removing government controls or regulations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that affect the pricing, distribution, or sale of fertilisers without subsidies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Key points about deregulating non-subsidized fertilisers:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Market-driven pricing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Without government intervention, prices of non-subsidized fertilizers are <\/span><b>determined by market forces such as supply, demand, and competition.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Increased competition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Deregulation can lead to a<\/span><b> more competitive market<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as companies may freely enter the market to offer fertilizers,<\/span><b> potentially driving down prices.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Reduced government expenditure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Governments can <\/span><b>save on subsidy costs <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">associated with fertilizers, which may be<\/span><b> redirected to other <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">agricultural or developmental initiatives.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Impact on farmers: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farmers may experience <\/span><b>fluctuations in fertilizer prices <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">depending on market conditions, <\/span><b>impacting their cost of production<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and profitability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Potential benefits<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Deregulation can <\/span><b>encourage innovation in fertilizer technologies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and distribution methods, potentially improving efficiency and availability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Why Deregulate Non-Subsidised Fertilizers in India?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Subsidy Burden:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Government of India <\/span><b>spends a significant amount<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on fertilizer subsidies (<\/span><b>\u20b9 163,999.80 crore budgeted for 2024-25)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the subsidy burden is decreasing due to <\/span><b>falling global fertilizer prices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Slow Registration Process for New Fertilizers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Registering a new fertilizer product<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in India is a slow process, taking an <\/span><b>average of 804 days.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is significantly<\/span><b> longer compared to other countries <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(e.g., 30 days in the European Union).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The lengthy process <\/span><b>hinders the introduction of innovative fertilizers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for Indian farmers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Drawbacks of Deregulation Of Non-Subsidized Fertilizers<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Impact on small farmers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Non subsidized fertilizers are <\/span><b>expensive,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> its deregulation can<\/span><b> impact small farmers negatively,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> leading to a wider gap between large and small scale agriculture.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Limited benefit for staple crops: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farmers use fertilizers for <\/span><b>staple crops the most. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These crops are<\/span><b> not very profitable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to which farmers might be hesitant to use expensive fertilizers.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Information asymmetry and potential misuse<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Deregulation can lead to a <\/span><b>wider range of fertilizer options <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">available to farmers. Therefore, there is a need for <\/span><b>proper guidance and education to farmers.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Staple Crops<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Stable crops,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> also known as <\/span><b>staple crops<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, are agricultural products that form the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">foundation of a typical diet in a given population. They are called<\/span><b> &#8220;stable&#8221; or &#8220;staple&#8221; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">because they are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Consistently consumed:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> They are eaten regularly and form a large part of people&#8217;s daily caloric intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Widely available<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They are produced in large quantities and are generally affordable.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Long shelf life:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Many staple crops can be stored for extended periods without spoiling.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nutritionally important:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> They often provide a significant source of energy (carbohydrates) and other essential nutrients.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Culturally significant: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are often deeply ingrained in the culinary traditions of a region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Economically important:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> They play a crucial role in agricultural economies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Recommendations for Improvement<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government should<\/span><b> allow automatic registration <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for new products meeting:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Minimum content<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of total plant nutrients.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Maximum limit <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of heavy metals and other contaminants.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This approach is used by most advanced countries without requiring<\/span><b> agronomic or bio-efficacy trials.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Automatic Registration for Water-Soluble Fertilizers (WSF):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In October 2015, the Modi government issued<\/span><b> guidelines for WSF <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">commercialisation.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WSFs must be <\/span><b>100% water-soluble <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and can be applied through drip irrigation or spraying.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Specifications for WSFs:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Minimum 30% total nutrient content (<\/span><b>25% primary nutrients NPK<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Balance of secondary (<\/span><b>S, calcium, magnesium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) and micro-nutrients (<\/span><b>zinc, boron, manganese, iron, copper, molybdenum<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maximum limits for contaminants (<\/span><b>lead, cadmium, arsenic, total chloride, and sodium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Companies can market WSFs meeting these standards after <\/span><b>notifying authorities 30 days in advance.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Benefits of the WSF Model for Fertilisers<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The WSF model<\/span><b> offers several advantages <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for both farmers and fertiliser companies:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Faster access to innovative products:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Unlike traditional fertilisers, WSFs <\/span><b>don&#8217;t require lengthy registration processes.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Companies can launch new WSF products <\/span><b>after informing the government, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">allowing farmers quicker access to the latest advancements in crop nutrition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Improved nutrient uptake: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plants absorb nutrients from WSFs<\/span><b> more efficiently <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">compared to traditional field-applied fertilisers. This translates to <\/span><b>better crop yields and potentially less fertiliser waste.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Targeted nutrient delivery:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> WSFs come in <\/span><b>various formulations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, allowing farmers to choose fertilisers that<\/span><b> meet the specific needs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of their crops at different stages of growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reduced environmental impact<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Because of the higher nutrient uptake, WSFs can potentially<\/span><b> lead to less fertiliser runoff,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which can contribute to water pollution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>More options for high-value crops:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> WSFs are particularly <\/span><b>well-suited for high-value crops<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like fruits and vegetables, offering farmers a wider <\/span><b>range of fertiliser options<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to maximise their harvest<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Challenges of the WSF Model<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Higher cost<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: WSF fertilisers are<\/span><b> more expensive<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> than traditional options <\/span><b>due to their higher solubility <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and specific ingredients.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This may <\/span><b>limit their adoption by some farmers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, particularly those cultivating staple crops with lower profit margins.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Mixing and application<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Unlike liquid fertilisers that come pre-dissolved, WSFs are typically <\/span><b>sold in crystal form requiring mixing <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with water before application.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This adds an<\/span><b> extra step <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to the application process for farmers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Limited scope:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The current proposal <\/span><b>only focuses on deregulating non-subsidized fertilizers.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Deregulating heavily subsidised fertilisers like urea is a <\/span><b>complex political issue<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that is not addressed by the WSF model.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deregulating non-subsidized fertilisers can<\/span><b> reduce government expenditure and expedite access to innovative products <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">but may adversely affect small farmers and staple crop cultivation.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.301%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mains Question:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/analyze-the-potential-benefits-and-drawbacks-of-deregulating-non-subsidised-fertilisers-in-india-in-hindi\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Q. Critically analyze the potential benefits and drawbacks of deregulating non-subsidised fertilisers in India.\u00a0 \u00a0 (15 Marks, 250 Words)\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9297%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 36px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 137.824%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 36px;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.2879%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; 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