{"id":126122,"date":"2024-08-13T19:50:31","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T14:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=editorial-analysis&#038;p=126122"},"modified":"2024-08-14T18:34:29","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T13:04:29","slug":"kakori-train-robbery-shook-the-empire","status":"publish","type":"editorial-analysis","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/kakori-train-robbery-shook-the-empire","title":{"rendered":"100 Years Ago, When a Train Robbery Shook the Empire"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On <\/span><b>August 9, 1925, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a <\/span><b>railway station nearly 20 kilometres <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from Lucknow witnessed one of the most daring events of the Indian freedom movement.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9987%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Relevancy for Prelims: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kakori Train Robbery, <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/hsra-full-form\/\">Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), <\/a>key figures involved in\u00a0 Kakori Train Robbery, etc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Relevancy for Mains:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> About Kakori Train Robbery, Roles and contributions of key figures involved, etc.<\/span><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Kakori Train Robbery<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That day,<\/span><b> 10 men boarded <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Saharanpur-Lucknow passenger train at <\/span><b>Kakori station <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and, minutes into the journey, pulled the chain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The train stopped nearly<\/span><b> 2 kilometres from Kakori,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at a village called <\/span><b>Bajnagar.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The revolutionaries acted as they had <\/span><b>planned<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and<\/span><b> looted money meant for the British treasury <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that were being transported by rail.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> audacious act,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> famously known as the<\/span><b> Kakori case or the Kakori train robbery conspiracy case<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, shook the British government and accelerated the freedom movement.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This year marks the<\/span><b> 100th year of the incident <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014 on Friday, August 9, UP Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath launched the <\/span><b>centenary celebrations.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Kakori case was the first major action executed by the <\/span><b>Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a revolutionary outfit set up in 1924 by, among others, <\/span><b>Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqullah Khan and Sachindra Nath Bakshi.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bismil,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> who hatched the robbery plan, was joined in its execution by <\/span><b>Ashfaqullah Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Chandrashekhar Azad, Sachindra Nath Bakshi, Keshab Chakravarthy, Manmathnath Gupta, Murari Sharma, Mukundi Lal and Banwari Lal.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the revolutionaries only intended to <\/span><b>rattle the British government, the death of a passenger named Ahmad Ali,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when the Mauser gun of one of the revolutionaries accidentally went off, hurt their cause.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of the accused who were made to stand trial at the <\/span><b>Special Sessions Court of Justice Archibald Hamilton,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 19 persons were <\/span><b>convicted.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bismil, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqullah Khan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were sentenced to death while the others got varying jail terms, including a deportation to the infamous Kala Pani (Cellular Jail in Port Blair) for five of them.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On December 17, 1927,<\/span><b> Lahiri was hanged at Gonda jail.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two days later, on December 19, 1927, <\/span><b>Ashfaqullah, Roshan and Bismil too were put to death <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Ashfaqullah at Faizabad jail, Roshan at Naini (Allahabad) jail and Bismil at Gorakhpur jail.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bismil was arrested in October 1925,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> supposedly after two members of the <\/span><b>HRA betrayed him.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While he was being taken to the<\/span><b> gallows<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Bismil is said to have famously <\/span><b>sung Sarfaroshiki tamanna ab hamare dil mein hai; Dekhna hai zor kitna baju-e katil mein hai, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the ghazal that went on to become an immortal war cry for freedom fighters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ashfaqullah Khan escaped to Nepal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and then Daltonganj (Jharkhand).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He was <\/span><b>arrested a year later.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Chandrashekhar Azad<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was the only major revolutionary <\/span><b>associated with the HRA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> who <\/span><b>evaded arrest <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(he shot himself dead when surrounded by police in Allahabad\u2019s Alfred Park on February 27, 1931).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The park now goes by the name <\/span><b>Chandrashekhar Azad Park.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A visit to <\/span><b>Kakori station and Shaheed Smarak<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a memorial dedicated to the revolutionary.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>road between Kakori railway station and Bajnagar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, two key signposts in the freedom movement, is in poor shape.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>old railway office <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">at Kakori <\/span><b>still exists<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and has been developed into a museum.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>notice board<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> near the building<\/span><b> details the incident<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and mentions that a total of Rs 4,679, one aana and 6 pai was looted.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the <\/span><b>sum stolen was paltry, t<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he act was an<\/span><b> audacious snook at the British Raj<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, whose response to Kakori was to set an example for <\/span><b>future revolutionaries and restore British authority <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the minds of the people.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Defence Lawyers Who Became CMs<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Kakori case had its <\/span><b>ramifications on the country <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the days after Independence.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first and third chief ministers of UP \u2014<\/span><b>Govind Ballabh Pant and Chandra Bhanu Gupta<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 were <\/span><b>defence advocates <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the case while<\/span><b> Jagat Narain Mulla<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a Congress member who was<\/span><b> appointed minister in 1921<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, represented the prosecution side.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Jagat Narain Mulla,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> who quit the Congress and joined the <\/span><b>Liberal Party, died in 1938<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His son <\/span><b>Anand Narain Mulla<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, who was also <\/span><b>part of his legal team<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the Kakori case, was in August 1954 elevated as judge of the Allahabad High Court.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He went on to have a <\/span><b>political career<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 he was elected to the Lok Sabha as an <\/span><b>Independent candidate in 1967 from Lucknow<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 1972 as a Congress nominee.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Opposition was quick to attack the Congress<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for its proximity to A N Mulla, reminding the ruling party that he had <\/span><b>worked to defend the British state in the Kakori trial.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On April 8, 1973, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi released <\/span><b>A N Mulla\u2019s book of poetry, Siyahi Ki Boond.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A particular couplet in the book \u2014<\/span><b>\u201cKhoon-eshaheed se bhi hai keemat mein kuchh siva; Fankar ke kalam ki siyahi ki ek boond <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(A drop of ink from the pen of poet is more worthy than the blood of martyr)\u201d \u2014 would go on to rock the UP Assembly on April 18, 1973, with members alleging that it was <\/span><b>disrespectful to martyrs.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An <\/span><b>adjournment motion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was moved by Rajendra Pratap Singh (Congress-O MLA from Sataon, Rae Bareli), who alleged that <\/span><b>Mulla had been awarded for acting against freedom fighters.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cDue to that (for being on the prosecution side), he was <\/span><b>elevated as a judge. Yahi unki fanqari thi (This was his only art).\u201d<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CM Kamlapati Tripathi, however, defended Mulla, \u201cHe was an<\/span><b> advocate, he practised law. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He was <\/span><b>general secretary <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the Congress and was in the <\/span><b>Liberal Party as well.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He should not be termed a <\/span><b>traitor because of his legal practice.\u201d<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Speaking in the House,<\/span><b> Sachindra Nath Bakshi,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> one of the convicts in the train robbery case who was elected MLA of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh from Varanasi South in 1969, <\/span><b>narrated an incident related to the Kakori trial<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cOne day the special judge was at lunch and Ashfaqullah and I were present in the court.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jagat Narain Mulla (the senior prosecution lawyer in the Kakori case) came there and I was talking to him. <\/span><b>Ashfaqullah sahib didn\u2019t recognise him (Mulla)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I introduced them and requested Ashfaqullah to sing a couplet. Ashfaq responded with: <\/span><b>\u2018Chalo yaron ek Rig Theatre dikhayen tumko naya liberal, jo chand sim-o-jar ke tukdon par, naya tamasha dikha raha hai<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Friends, let us visit Rig Theatre; I will show you a new Liberal who will regale you for a small amount of money).\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Kakori Train Robbery <\/span><b>symbolized resistance and reshaped India&#8217;s freedom struggle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Its centenary highlights<\/span><b> enduring legacies and complex historical narratives.<\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mains Question:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/examine-the-roles-played-by-key-personalities-in-the-kakori-train-robbery-10-marks-150-words\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q. Evaluate the roles and contributions of key figures involved in the Kakori train robbery.\u00a0 (10 Marks, 150 Words)<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.031%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.939%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.4036%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; 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