{"id":142307,"date":"2024-11-11T20:16:19","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T14:46:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=editorial-analysis&#038;p=142307"},"modified":"2025-03-03T11:20:25","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T05:50:25","slug":"states-and-the-centres-fetter-of-net-borrowing-ceiling","status":"publish","type":"editorial-analysis","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/states-and-the-centres-fetter-of-net-borrowing-ceiling","title":{"rendered":"States and the Centre&#8217;s Fetter of Net Borrowing Ceiling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kerala has challenged the Centre\u2019s imposition of a <\/span><b>\u2018Net Borrowing Ceiling\u2019 (NBC) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">under Article 293, asserting it undermines State fiscal autonomy. This dispute highlights broader issues in Centre-State fiscal relations within India\u2019s federal framework.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Net Borrowing Ceiling (NBC)<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2023, the Central Government imposed a <\/span><b>Net Borrowing Ceiling (NBC)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the State of Kerala, capping its borrowing at <\/span><b>3% of the projected Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for FY 2023-24.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This ceiling encompasses all borrowing channels, including <\/span><b>open market loans, financial institution loans, and public account liabilities.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also applies to certain borrowings by state-owned enterprises to prevent the State from bypassing these limits through indirect means.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NBC has significantly impacted Kerala\u2019s financial capacity, restraining expenditure on development and welfare and sparking political and legal controversies and thus it is <\/span><b>challenged in the supreme court especially article 293 for reinterpretation.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Constitutional Provisions Related to Borrowing Powers<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under <\/span><b>Chapter II of Part XII<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the Constitution:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Article 292:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The executive power of the Union government allows it to borrow money using the security of the <\/span><b>Consolidated Fund of India.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the total amount it can borrow is<\/span><b> limited to the levels set by Parliament through laws.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, the government can give<\/span><b> financial guarantees<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but again, only within limits that Parliament has established.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Article 293:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Clause 1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This allows <\/span><b>State governments<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to borrow money <\/span><b>within India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> using the <\/span><b>Consolidated Fund of the State<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as security.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Clause 2<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The <\/span><b>Government of India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can provide loans to any State or offer <\/span><b>guarantees<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for loans raised by States, as long as the <\/span><b>borrowing limits set under Article 292<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are not exceeded.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any such loans or guarantees made by the Centre are charged on the <\/span><b>Consolidated Fund of India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Clause 3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Article 293(3) states that if a state owes money to the central government or if the central government has guaranteed any of the state&#8217;s previous loans, <\/span><b>the state cannot borrow more money without the Centre&#8217;s permission.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Clause 4:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A consent under clause (3) may be<\/span><b> granted subject to such conditions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, if any, as the Government of India may think fit to impose.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2003<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0To implement the mandates in Article 292 and control debt levels and deficits, the <\/span><b>Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2003<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was enacted.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This Act set a fiscal deficit target of <\/span><b>3% of GDP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for the Centre and required States to enact their own fiscal responsibility laws.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As per Centre\u2019s Directives, states also enacted similar laws.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Fiscal Targets:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>For Centre:<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fiscal Deficit limit: 3% of GDP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Revenue Deficit: Zero (complete elimination was target)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annual reduction targets: 0.3% for fiscal deficit<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total government guarantees should not exceed 0.5% of GDP<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>For States:<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fiscal Deficit ceiling: 3% of GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Individual state targets vary based on their debt-GSDP ratio<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">States need Centre&#8217;s permission to borrow if they exceed the limit<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additional borrowing flexibility of 0.5% GSDP linked to power sector reforms<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By 2025\u201326, the fiscal deficit target is <4.5% of GDP. However, the Centre\u2019s borrowing restrictions on states for fiscal consolidation undermine their financial autonomy and hinder budget balancing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.5971%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Historical Context of Article 293<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Article 293 is derived from <\/span><b>Section 163<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the <\/span><b>Government of India Act, 1935<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which regulated the borrowing powers of provinces (now states) and required <\/span><b>central approval<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for certain borrowings.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Constituent Assembly Debate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: During the drafting of the Constitution, <\/span><b>Ananthasayanam Ayyangar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> raised concerns about the heavy burdens borrowing could place on both present and future generations.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He suggested establishing a <\/span><b>commission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> similar to the <\/span><b>Finance Commission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to carefully scrutinise borrowing practices.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Section 163(4) of the 1935 Act<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This section prohibited the <\/span><b>Federation (Centre)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from refusing or delaying loans to provinces without sufficient cause and mandated that disputes be referred to the <\/span><b>Governor-General<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, whose decision would be final.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, this clause was <\/span><b>not adopted<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> into the Indian Constitution.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Post-independence, the <\/span><b>provinces<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were replaced by <\/span><b>states<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and a <\/span><b>national government<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was established at the Centre.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Constituent Assembly felt the <\/span><b>Governor-General\u2019s involvement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was no longer necessary, rendering that provision obsolete.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Legal Challenge<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NBC and restrictions on borrowing have led Kerala to approach the <\/span><b>Supreme Court<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kerala argues that the Centre&#8217;s constraints violate the State\u2019s fiscal autonomy as guaranteed under Article 293, claiming that these restrictions infringe on the executive power vested in States.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This case has brought Article 293 under scrutiny for the first time, raising questions about <\/span><b>fiscal decentralisation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>State autonomy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Supreme Court has referred the interpretation of Article 293 to a Constitutional Bench to address these complex issues and assess whether the Centre\u2019s conditions undermine the <\/span><b>Reserve Bank of India\u2019s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> role in fiscal management.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Way Ahead: Reforms Needed<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The case of Kerala highlights the need to refine Article 293 to better support State autonomy and cooperative federalism. Some recommendations include:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>1. Establish a Borrowing Advisory Commission<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As proposed by <\/span><b>Ananthasayanam Ayyangar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during the Constituent Assembly debates, a <\/span><b>commission akin to the Finance Commission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> could be established to resolve borrowing disputes.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This body would assess each State\u2019s financial position and ensure alignment with the Centre\u2019s fiscal consolidation goals.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>2. Clear Guidelines for Centre\u2019s Powers under Article 293(4): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To prevent arbitrary restrictions on State borrowing, guidelines for Article 293(4) are essential:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Transparency<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ensure transparent decision-making on borrowing approvals, with<\/span><b> procedures accessible to the public.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Consultative Process<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Engage in consultation with State governments before imposing terms or restrictions, fostering a cooperative approach.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Equitable Treatment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Apply uniform borrowing terms to all States to prevent bias or favouritism.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Respect for Fiscal Autonomy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ensure restrictions are reasonable and do not hinder States\u2019 financial management capacities unduly.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>3. Drawing from Historical Safeguards in the Government of India Act, 1935<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reconsidering the protective measures from <\/span><b>Section 163(4)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the 1935 Act could help prevent unreasonable delays, conditions, or refusals in granting borrowing consent by the Centre.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>4. State-Specific Borrowing Considerations:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When it comes to borrowing, each state in India has unique financial characteristics, and <\/span><b>these must be considered when assessing borrowing capacity.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">States like <\/span><b>Kerala, with high literacy, strong revenue generation, and remittances, can manage more debt and repay loans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while less developed states with weaker fiscal health may struggle to manage borrowing, necessitating stricter controls.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reforms are needed to ensure that the Centre\u2019s powers are exercised in a <\/span><b>fair<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>transparent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>equitable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> manner. This will promote <\/span><b>balanced fiscal management<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> while supporting <\/span><b>cooperative federalism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, allowing both the Centre and States to work together efficiently without compromising state autonomy or financial stability.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.7992%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mains Practice:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/the-net-borrowing-ceiling-impacts-centre-state-financial-relations-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Q. Critically analyze how the Net Borrowing Ceiling impacts Centre-State financial relations in India. Discuss whether it strengthens fiscal discipline or undermines cooperative federalism in light of Article 293 of the Constitution. (15 marks, 250 words)<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.043%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Test Series 2024<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kerala has challenged the Centre\u2019s imposition of a \u2018Net Borrowing Ceiling\u2019 (NBC) under Article 293, asserting it undermines State fiscal autonomy. This dispute highlights broader issues in Centre-State fiscal relations within India\u2019s federal framework.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":142243,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2084],"subject":[2124],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-analysis\/142307"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-analysis"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/editorial-analysis"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142307"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-analysis\/142307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":142323,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-analysis\/142307\/revisions\/142323"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/142243"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=142307"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=142307"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=142307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}