{"id":157884,"date":"2025-03-06T19:58:13","date_gmt":"2025-03-06T14:28:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=editorial-analysis&#038;p=157884"},"modified":"2025-03-06T19:58:13","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T14:28:13","slug":"nordic-and-himalayan-tribes","status":"publish","type":"editorial-analysis","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/nordic-and-himalayan-tribes","title":{"rendered":"Who will Apologise to the \u2018Himalayans\u2019?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, Norway\u2019s Parliament issued a<\/span><b> formal apology for its assimilation policies <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">targeting the <\/span><b>Sami, Kven, and Forest Finn peoples.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Norway\u2019s Tribal Policy<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Aim: Norwegianisation policies (1850s-1960s)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aimed to <\/span><b>suppress indigenous languages and cultures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Measures: Government measures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> proposed <\/span><b>protecting indigenous languages and monitoring inclusion efforts from 2027<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Challenges : Sami languages remain endangered<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> despite symbolic rights like the <\/span><b>Sami Parliament<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Indigenous groups face <\/span><b>inequities in healthcare, education, and land rights<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Challenges associated with Nordic and Himalayan Tribes<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Common Challenges: Climate-induced disasters<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>resource exploitation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> affect both regions. The <\/span><b>Himalayan region<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (spanning <\/span><b>2,500 km<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from <\/span><b>Afghanistan to Northeast India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) houses <\/span><b>52 million people<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from diverse ethnic groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Himalayan Communities:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Communities include:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Gaddis, Kinnauras<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Himachal Pradesh)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Lepchas, Bhutiyas, Mons<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Sikkim, Ladakh)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Abor, Aka, Apatani, Mishmi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Arunachal Pradesh)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Khas, Kalash<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Colonial Impact: British trade and forest laws<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> disrupted local economies:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Tea, gold, silk, opium trade coercion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the Northeast.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Trade blockades<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> affected cultural and economic activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Deforestation for railway expansion (1853-1910)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> destroyed vast forests in <\/span><b>Garhwal and Kumaon<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Post-Independence Policies in India<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nehru\u2019s Approach (1950s-60s): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advocated for <\/span><b>respecting tribal lifestyles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rather than forced assimilation. He stated that\u00a0 <\/span><b>\u201cIt is grossly presumptuous on our part to approach them with an air of superiority.\u201d<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Resource Exploitation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: During the<\/span><b> 5th and 6th Five-Year Plans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the 1970s and 80s, rapid resource<\/span><b> extraction disrupted local ecosystems and cultures.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Economic Pressures : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unlike other States, <\/span><b>Himalayan States lacked an industrial base<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and faced pressure to <\/span><b>generate revenue<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><b>Tourism and hydropower<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> became dominant, causing <\/span><b>environmental degradation<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Challenges Faced by Tribals In Himalayas<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Economic Priorities: Arunachal Pradesh\u2019s Hydropower Expansion (2015)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is expected to earn <\/span><b>\u20b9445 crore annually<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and meet <\/span><b>40% of India\u2019s power demand<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Concerns: Bypassing of tribal land laws<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><b>Corporate and political nexus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> facilitating land acquisitions. <\/span><b>Marginalisation of traditional practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Hydro-Criminality \u201cHydro-criminality\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (as termed by civil society) refers to\u00a0 <\/span><b>exploitation prioritizing economic gain over indigenous rights<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cultural Suppression:\u00a0 Assimilation via economic projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mirrors historic policies of <\/span><b>cultural suppression<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Reconciliation and Accountability<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Recognition: Norway\u2019s Parliament<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> acknowledged past injustices through its <\/span><b>formal apology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the <\/span><b>Sami, Kven, and Forest Finn peoples<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This move underscores the importance of <\/span><b>recognition, reconciliation, and reparations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for historical wrongs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Assimilation Policy: Decades of exploitation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through <\/span><b>resource extraction, deforestation, and hydropower projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have harmed local communities. <\/span><b>Cultural erosion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has mirrored the <\/span><b>assimilation policies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> seen in Norway\u2019s past.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>shift toward sustainable, inclusive development<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is essential. Like Norway, <\/span><b>recognition of past injustices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can lead to policies that protect <\/span><b>indigenous rights, cultural heritage, and environmental sustainability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.7999%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mains Practice Question<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/norway-apology-to-indigenous-sami-people-raises-questions-about-indias-himalayan-communities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q. Norway&#8217;s apology to indigenous Sami people raises questions about India&#8217;s treatment of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Himalayan communities. Critically examine the historical exploitation, current development <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">models, and ecological challenges faced by Himalayan indigenous groups. Suggest a framework for sustainable and culturally sensitive governance. (15 Marks, 250 Words)<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Also Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Editorials<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Main Answer Writing<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Test Series<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/b><\/a><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Norway\u2019s Parliament issued a formal apology for its assimilation policies targeting the Sami, Kven, and Forest Finn peoples.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":157857,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2089],"subject":[4642],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-analysis\/157884"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-analysis"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/editorial-analysis"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=157884"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-analysis\/157884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":157888,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-analysis\/157884\/revisions\/157888"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/157857"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=157884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=157884"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=157884"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=157884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}