{"id":166547,"date":"2025-05-20T18:45:40","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T13:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=mains-answer-writing&#038;p=166547"},"modified":"2025-05-21T11:40:32","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T06:10:32","slug":"despite-achieving-significant-coverage-in-tap-water-connections-jjm-suffers-from-a-functionality-gap","status":"publish","type":"mains-answer-writing","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/despite-achieving-significant-coverage-in-tap-water-connections-jjm-suffers-from-a-functionality-gap","title":{"rendered":"Despite achieving significant coverage in tap water connections, the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) suffers from a functionality gap. Examine the structural and operational bottlenecks hindering the effective utilisation of rural tap water infrastructure.(15 Marks, 250 Words)"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"width: 99.7996%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Core Demand of the Question<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discuss the structural and functional challenges in implementing the Jal Jeevan Mission.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discuss the role of Decentralised Governance, Social Inclusion, and Technical Autonomy in Bridging the Gap.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suggest innovative approaches,<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Answer<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Launched in 2019, the <\/span><b>Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> set a target to provide <\/span><b>100% Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTCs)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to rural households by 2024. According to <\/span><b>NSSO 2022\u201323<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, around <\/span><b>90%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of rural homes now have tap access, marking significant progress. However, full coverage is now projected to be achieved by <\/span><b>2028<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, highlighting ongoing implementation challenges.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Structural and Functional challenges in implementing the Jal Jeevan Mission<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6994%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 49.7911%;\"><b>Structural Challenges<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 49.7932%;\"><b>Functional Challenges<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.7911%;\"><b>Reduction in Central Financial Support<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Recent decline in central fund allocation has increased financial pressure on state governments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Example<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: 2023\u201324 JJM allocation reduced to \u20b970,000 crore from \u20b960,000 crore (2022\u201323), with stricter conditions (Ministry of Jal Shakti Budget Analysis).<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 49.7932%;\"><b>Low Tap Water Usage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Despite increased access, many rural households still use handpumps or open wells.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.7911%;\"><b>Corruption and Tender Irregularities: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Irregularities in awarding contracts and poor infrastructure quality due to corruption.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 49.7932%;\"><b>Infrastructure Degradation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Aging pipelines, taps, and tanks lead to leakages and non-functional connections.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.7911%;\"><b>Outdated Baseline Data:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> JJM relies on 2011 Census data, ignoring significant population growth over time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Example: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NSSO 2022\u201323, Shows 90% access but only 39% usage, indicating the limitation of old data.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 49.7932%;\"><b>Climate Variability and Water Scarcity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Erratic rainfall, groundwater depletion, and climate change affect the reliability of supply.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Role of Decentralised Governance, Social Inclusion, and Technical Autonomy in Bridging the Gap<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6994%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.8397%;\"><b>Decentralised Governance<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.4358%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Empowers Local Bodies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Panchayats can better monitor usage, report issues, and coordinate repairs through community feedback.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Flexibility in Operations:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Local management allows for context-specific planning, reducing bureaucratic delays.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.8397%;\"><b>Social Inclusion<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.4358%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Equitable Distribution:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ensures that marginalised castes\/communities get equal access to taps and infrastructure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Inclusive Workforce:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Training local youth from all communities (including women and SC\/ST groups) as pump operators or repair workers builds trust and responsiveness.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.8397%;\"><b>Technical Autonomy<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.4358%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Capacity Building of Local Operators:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Providing training and funds to gram panchayats for water quality testing, repairs, and system management.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 Jal Shakti Ministry\u2019s \u201c<\/span><b>Village Action Plans\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aim to build local technical leadership but need better implementation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Real-Time Data Collection:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Allowing villages to maintain dynamic household databases and report real-time tap functionality (beyond static dashboards).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Innovative Approaches for Sustainable Rural Water Management<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Community-Led Monitoring and Maintenance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Create Village Water and Sanitation Committees (VWSCs) trained in operation and maintenance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Smart Water Infrastructure: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use IoT sensors for real-time monitoring of water flow, pressure, and leaks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate-Resilient Water Source Planning: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encourage source sustainability plans that integrate rainwater harvesting, aquifer recharge, and watershed development.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b> Example<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Maharashtra\u2019s \u201c<\/span><b>Jal Yukta Shivar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d program improved groundwater levels in drought-prone districts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Data-Driven Decision Making: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Update household tap connection databases annually using rural development survey data instead of relying solely on Census 2011.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Local Entrepreneurship: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promote small enterprises for water testing kits, minor repair kits, and training modules within villages.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Example<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u201cWater ATMs\u201d and pay-per-use kiosks for communities with seasonal tap issues.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overcoming the challenges of the Jal Jeevan Mission demands a <\/span><b>multi-faceted approach <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">integrating decentralised governance, community participation, and technological advancements. By<\/span><b> fostering social inclusion <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>ensuring technical autonomy,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India can achieve equitable and sustainable rural water management, ensuring long-term benefits for all.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Also Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Editorials<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Main Answer Writing<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Test Series<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/b><\/a><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Core Demand of the Question Discuss the structural and functional challenges in implementing the Jal Jeevan Mission. Discuss the role of Decentralised Governance, Social Inclusion, and Technical Autonomy in Bridging the Gap. Suggest innovative approaches, Answer Launched in 2019, the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) set a target to provide 100% Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTCs)&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/despite-achieving-significant-coverage-in-tap-water-connections-jjm-suffers-from-a-functionality-gap\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Despite achieving significant coverage in tap water connections, the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) suffers from a functionality gap. Examine the structural and operational bottlenecks hindering the effective utilisation of rural tap water infrastructure.(15 Marks, 250 Words)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"paper-wise":[2084],"subject":[4632],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mains-answer-writing\/166547"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mains-answer-writing"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/mains-answer-writing"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=166547"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mains-answer-writing\/166547\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":166611,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mains-answer-writing\/166547\/revisions\/166611"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=166547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=166547"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=166547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}