{"id":57769,"date":"2023-11-28T17:39:23","date_gmt":"2023-11-28T12:09:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=docs&p=57769"},"modified":"2023-12-05T13:25:08","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T07:55:08","slug":"indian-constitution-directive-principles","status":"publish","type":"ncert-notes","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/indian-constitution-directive-principles","title":{"rendered":"Indian Constitution’s Directive Principles: Social, Gandhian, and Liberal Ideals"},"content":{"rendered":"

Classifying Indian Directive Principles<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

In the Indian Constitution,\u00a0 Directive Principles are not classified as per their underlying philosophies. However, they can be classified into:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Socialistic: <\/b>These <\/span>Directive Principles <\/span>contemplate the ideology of socialism and lay down the framework of a democratic socialist state.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • \n
      \n
    • The concept envisages providing <\/span>social and economic justice,<\/b> so that state should achieve the optimum norms of welfare state<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • Gandhian:<\/b> These <\/span>Directive Principles <\/span>reflect the<\/span> programme of reconstruction envisaged by Gandhi <\/b>during the national movement.\u00a0<\/span>\n
        \n
      • In order to fulfil the dreams and aspirations of Gandhi<\/b>, some of his ideas were included in DPSP.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Liberal-Intellectual: <\/b>These <\/span>Directive Principles <\/span>have a propensity towards the <\/span>ideology of liberalism.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Socialist Principles: Welfare, Equality, and Economic Justice<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Art. 38<\/b><\/td>\n\n
          \n
        • The State shall<\/b> strive <\/span>to promote the welfare<\/b> of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of national life.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • State to<\/span> minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities (Added by 44th CAA 1978)<\/b>\n
            \n
          • Minimum Wages Act (1948), Payment of Bonus Act (1965), Trade Unions Act (1926), the Factories Act (1948), Maternity Benefit Act (1961), Equal Remuneration Act (1976) enacted to achieve these objectives .<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Art. 39<\/b><\/td>\n\n
          \n
        • The State shall<\/b>, in particular, direct its policy towards securing\u2014<\/span>\n
            \n
          • \u00a0(a) the right to adequate <\/span>means of livelihood<\/b> for all citizens;<\/span><\/li>\n
          • \u00a0(b) the<\/span> equitable distribution <\/b>of material resources of the community for the common good;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          • (c) <\/span>prevention of concentration<\/b> of wealth and means of production;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          • (d) equal pay for equal work <\/span>for men and women;<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          • (e) preservation of the<\/span> health and strength of workers and children<\/b> against forcible abuse; and\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          • (f) opportunities for <\/span>healthy development of children<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Art. 39 A<\/b><\/td>\n\n
          \n
        • The State shall<\/span> promotes justice and provide free legal aid to the poor <\/b>to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities<\/span> (Added by 42nd CAA 1976)<\/b>\n
            \n
          • \u00a0\u00a0<\/b>e.g. <\/span>Legal Services Authorities Act<\/b> (1987)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Art. 41<\/b><\/td>\n\n
          \n
        • The State shall <\/span>secure the right to work, to education and to public assistance<\/b> in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want.<\/span>\n
            \n
          • e.g. <\/span>National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme<\/b> (2006), <\/span>Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Art. 42<\/b><\/td>\n\n
          \n
        • The State shall make provision for<\/span> securing just and humane conditions<\/b> of work and for maternity relief.<\/span>\n
            \n
          • e.g. <\/span>Maternity Benefits Act and Equal Remuneration Act<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Art. 43 (First part only)<\/b><\/td>\n\n
          \n
        • Living wage for workers. (Living wage includes education, health and insurance etc.)<\/span>\n
            \n
          • e.g. <\/span>Minimum wages act<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Art. 43A<\/b><\/td>\n\n
          \n
        • The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the <\/span>participation of workers in the management <\/b>of undertakings, establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry. <\/span>(Added by 42nd CAA 1976)<\/b>\n
            \n
          • E.g. <\/span>Industrial disputes\u00a0act,1947<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Art. 47 (first provision of this Article)<\/b><\/td>\n\n
          \n
        • State shall regard the <\/span>raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living<\/b> of its people and the improvement of <\/span>public health<\/b> as among its primary duties and, in particular,<\/span>\n
            \n
          • e.g. <\/span>Primary health centers, special programs to eradicate various diseases, ICDS, Mid-Day Meal schemes.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Gandhian Principles: Rural Empowerment and Social Justice<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Art. 40<\/b><\/td>\n\n
              \n
            • The State shall take steps to<\/span> organise village panchayats <\/b>and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to <\/span>function as units of self-government.<\/b><\/li>\n
            • e.g. <\/span>73rd and 74th CAA 1992<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Art. 43- (Second part only)<\/b><\/td>\n\n
              \n
            • The State shall endeavour to promote <\/span>cottage industries<\/b> on an individual or <\/span>co-operative basis <\/b>in rural areas<\/span><\/li>\n
            • e.g. <\/span>Khadi and Village Industries Commission<\/b> (KVIC), <\/span>National Small Industries Corporation<\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Art. 43 B<\/b><\/td>\n\n
              \n
            • State shall promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of <\/span>co-operative societies (Added by 97th CAA, 2011)<\/b><\/li>\n
            • e.g. <\/span>Multi-State cooperative societies act 2002<\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Art.46<\/b><\/td>\n\n
              \n
            • The State shall promote with special care the <\/span>educational and economic interests<\/b> of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the <\/span>Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, <\/b>and shall protect them from <\/span>social injustice and all forms of exploitation<\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n
            • e.g. <\/span>Protection of Civil Rights Act<\/b> in 1976 and the <\/span>Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes<\/b> (Prevention of Atrocities) <\/span>Act 1989<\/b>,<\/span> NCSC, NCST<\/b>, <\/span>National Commission for Backward Classes<\/b> (NCBC), <\/span>10% reservation to the Economically Weaker Sections<\/b> (EWSs).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Art. 47 (Second part)<\/b><\/td>\n\n
              \n
            • State shall endeavour to bring about <\/span>prohibition of the consumption<\/b> except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.<\/span><\/li>\n
            • e.g. <\/span>FSSAI regulation, Narcotics and psychotropic substances act 1985.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Art. 48 (Second Part)<\/b><\/td>\n\n
              \n
            • State shall take steps for<\/span> preserving and improving the breeds<\/b>, and prohibiting the slaughter, of <\/span>cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle.<\/b><\/li>\n
            • e.g. <\/span>providing improved agricultural inputs<\/b>, <\/span>seeds, fertilisers and irrigation facilities<\/b>, <\/span>Laws to prohibit the slaughter of cows<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              Liberal- Intellectual Principles: Civil Code, Education, Environment, and Peace<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Art. 44<\/b><\/td>\n\n
                \n
              • The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens<\/span> a uniform civil code<\/b> throughout the territory of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Art. 45<\/b><\/td>\n\n
                \n
              • The State shall endeavour to <\/span>provide early childhood care and education <\/b>for all children until they complete the age of six years.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
              • This provision was Added by <\/span>42nd CAA 1976 it also changed subject matter of Art 45 and added Art.21A to FR.<\/b><\/li>\n
              • \u00a0e.g. <\/span>Right to education act 2009<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Art. 48- (Part two only)<\/b><\/td>\n\n
                \n
              • State shall endeavour to<\/span> organise agriculture and animal husbandry<\/b> on modern and scientific lines and shall.<\/span><\/li>\n
              • e.g. providing improved agricultural inputs, seeds, fertilisers and irrigation facilities.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Art. 48A<\/b><\/td>\n\n
                \n
              • The State shall endeavour<\/span> to protect and improve the environment<\/b> and to safeguard<\/span> the forests and wildlife of the country. <\/b>(<\/span>Added by 42nd CAA 1976).<\/b><\/li>\n
              • e.g. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and the Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, Air act, Water act.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Art.49<\/b><\/td>\n\n
                \n
              • It shall be the<\/span> obligation of the State<\/b> to protect <\/span>every monument or place or object<\/b> of artistic or historic interest (declared by or under law made by Parliament) to be of<\/span> national importance,<\/b> from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export,as the case may be.<\/span><\/li>\n
              • e.g. Ancient and Historical Monument and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act (1951), formation of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Art. 50<\/b><\/td>\n\n
                \n
              • The State shall take steps<\/span> to separate the judiciary from the executive<\/b> in the public services of the State.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
              • e.g. Criminal Procedure Code (1973)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Art.51<\/b><\/td>\n\n
                \n
              • The State shall endeavour to\u2014<\/span>\n
                  \n
                • (a) promote international<\/span> peace and security;<\/b><\/li>\n
                • (b) maintain<\/span> just and honourable <\/b>relations between nations;<\/span><\/li>\n
                • (c) foster<\/span> respect for international law and treaty obligations <\/b>in the dealings of\u00a0 organized peoples with one another; and<\/span><\/li>\n
                • (d) encourage <\/span>settlement of international disputes<\/b> by arbitration.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                • e.g. policy of Non-Alignment and Panchsheel to promote international peace and security.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  Previous Year Questions (Prelims):<\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

                  Q. Under the Indian Constitution, concentration of wealth violates, [2021]<\/b><\/p>\n

                  (a) the Right to Equality\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                  (b) <\/span>the Directive Principles of State Policy\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

                  (c) the Right to Freedom\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                  (d) the Concept of Welfare<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  Q. Which principle among the following was added to the Directive Principles of State Policy by the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution? [2017]<\/b><\/p>\n

                  (a) Equal pay for equal work for both men and women<\/span><\/p>\n

                  (b) <\/span>Participation of workers in the management of industries<\/b><\/p>\n

                  (c) Right to work, education and public assistance<\/span><\/p>\n

                  (d) Securing living wage and human conditions of work to workers<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  Q. Consider the following provisions under the Directive Principles of State Policy as enshrined in the Constitution of India: [2012]<\/b><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. \n
                      \n
                    1. Securing for citizens of India a uniform civil code.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    2. Organising village Panchayats.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    3. Promoting cottage industries in rural areas.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    4. Securing for all the workers reasonable leisure and cultural opportunities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Which of the above are the Gandhian Principles that are reflected in the Directive Principles of State Policy?<\/span><\/p>\n

                      (a) 1, 2 and 4 only<\/span><\/p>\n

                      (b) <\/span>2 and 3 only<\/b><\/p>\n

                      (c) 1, 3 and 4 only<\/span><\/p>\n

                      (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/p>\n

                      Q. In the Constitution of India, promotion of international peace and security is included in the, [2014]<\/b><\/p>\n

                      (a) Preamble to the constitution<\/span><\/p>\n

                      (b) <\/span>Directive Principles of State Policy<\/b><\/p>\n

                      (c) Fundamental Duties<\/span><\/p>\n

                      (d) Ninth Schedule<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/p>\n

                      Q. In India, separation of judiciary from the executive is enjoined by,\u00a0 [2020]<\/b><\/p>\n

                      (a) the Preamble of the Constitution<\/span><\/p>\n

                      (b) <\/span>Directive Principle of State Policy<\/b><\/p>\n

                      (c) the Seventh Schedule<\/span><\/p>\n

                      (d) the conventional practice<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/p>\n

                      Q. Which of the following provisions of the Constitution of India have a bearing on Education? [2012]<\/b><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. \n
                          \n
                        1. Directive Principles of State Policy.<\/span><\/li>\n
                        2. Rural and Urban Local Bodies.<\/span><\/li>\n
                        3. Fifth Schedule<\/span><\/li>\n
                        4. Sixth Schedule<\/span><\/li>\n
                        5. Seventh Schedule<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Select the correct answer using the codes given below:<\/b><\/p>\n

                          (a) 1 and 2 only<\/span><\/p>\n

                          (b) 3, 4 and 5 only<\/span><\/p>\n

                          (c) <\/span>1, 2 and 5 only<\/b><\/p>\n

                          (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","notes-subjects":[],"subject-chapters":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ncert-notes\/57769"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ncert-notes"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ncert-notes"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"notes-subjects","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/notes-subjects?post=57769"},{"taxonomy":"subject-chapters","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject-chapters?post=57769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}