{"id":100019,"date":"2024-04-08T13:14:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-08T07:44:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=udaan&#038;p=100019"},"modified":"2024-09-17T12:56:45","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T07:26:45","slug":"indian-national-congress","status":"publish","type":"udaan","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/udaan\/indian-national-congress","title":{"rendered":"Indian National Congress: Formation, Important Sessions"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Introduction<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/early-phase-indian-national-congress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian National Congress (INC)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is one of the <\/span><b>oldest and most influential<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> political parties in India. Established in 1885, it played a crucial role in the country&#8217;s struggle for independence from British rule. Initially, it served as a platform for Indian leaders to voice grievances and demand reforms within the British colonial system. Over time, under the leadership of figures like <\/span><b>Mahatma Gandhi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><b> Jawaharlal Nehru<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Congress evolved into a mass movement advocating for complete independence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Formation of the Indian National Congress<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Role of A.O. Hume<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: A retired English civil servant, played a crucial role in shaping an all-India organization.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He collaborated with leading intellectuals of the time to organize the<\/span><b> first <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">session of the Indian National Congress (INC).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>First Congress Session<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Held: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in <\/span><b>Bombay <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in December <\/span><b>1885<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was attended by <\/span><b>72 delegates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, mostly lawyers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Contemporary British Viceroy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/hi\/upsc-notes\/lord-dufferin-1884-1888\/#:~:text=Conclusion-,Introduction,the%20eighth%20Viceroy%20of%20India.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord Dufferin.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Annual Meetings:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Following the first session, annual meetings were held in <\/span><b>December<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in different parts of the country each year.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 99.703%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Safety Valve Theory<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to this theory, Congress was established by the British to be used by the British for channelising the growing discontent of Indians.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Believer of Theory:<\/b> <b>Lala Lajpat Rai<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>R P Dutt.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> However, modern historians do not believe in this theory.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/strong><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Important<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"> Congre<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">ss<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"> Sessions<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Year<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Place<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>President<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Remarks<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1885<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bombay<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">W.C Banerjee<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First Congress President.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1886<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calcutta<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Dadabhai Naoroji\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Grand Old Man of India)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presided Indian National Congress (INC) three times ( in 1886,1893 and 1906.)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1887<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Madras<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Badruddin Taiyabji<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1st Muslim Indian National Congress (INC) President.<\/span><b> [UPSC 2015]<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1888<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allahabad<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">George Yule<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1st Englishman to becomeIndian National Congress (INC) President.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1917<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calcutta<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/annie-besant-and-the-theosophical-society\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annie Besant<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1st Women President of Indian National Congress (INC) (1917)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[UPSC 2015, 2013]<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1924<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Belgaum<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahatma Gandhi<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presided only 1 session.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\" colspan=\"4\"><b>Other Notable Figures<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Who served as <\/span><b>presidents<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the early years of the Congress included Pherozeshah Mehta, P. Anandacharlu, Surendranath Banerjee, Romesh Chandra Dutt, Ananda Mohan Bose, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In <\/span><b>1890<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><b> Kadambini Ganguly,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the <\/span><b>first<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> woman graduate of Calcutta University, addressed the Congress session.<\/span><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Madan Mohan Malviya<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He presided over the Indian National Congress (INC) the maximum number of times,<\/span><b> 4 times<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (1909, 1918, 1930 and 1932).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mahatama-gandhi\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahatma Gandhi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> regarded him as\u00a0 \u201cthe maker of modern India\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1934, he founded the <\/span><b>Congress Nationalist Party<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with <\/span><b>MS Aney.<\/b> <b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Moderate Phase (1885-1905)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They were staunch believers in \u2018<\/span><b>liberalism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019 and \u2018<\/span><b>moderate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019 politics.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Prominent Leaders of Moderate Phase<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Dadabhai Naoroji,Pherozeshah Mehta,D.E. Wacha, S.N. Banerjea, W.C. Bonnerjee.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Methodical and Cautious Approach:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>3P method<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Petition, Prayer and Propaganda.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They believed that the British basically wanted to be just to the Indians but were not aware of the real conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Believed in <\/span><b>Liberalism <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>constitutional agitation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> within legal boundaries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aimed to <\/span><b>create public opinion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for reforms through education, uniting Indians on political issues.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Worked towards <\/span><b>greater Indian participation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in legislative councils and more control over finances.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Major Demands of Moderate Leaders<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100.189%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 42.1512%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\"><b>Constitutional Demands<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Election to be introduced for legislatures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two Indian members in Viceroy Executive Council.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legislatures to have the <\/span><b>right to discuss and vote<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the budget. (\u201c<\/span><b>No Taxation without Representation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Administrative Demands<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Raising the <\/span><b>maximum age<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for the Indian Civil Service Exam(ICS exam)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Separation of Executive and Judiciary.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Indianisation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of Indian Services and Holding of ICS exam in India also.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduction in Defense expenditure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criticism of an oppressive and tyrannical bureaucracy and an expensive and time-consuming judicial system.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criticism of an aggressive foreign policy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increase in expenditure on welfare.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Better treatment for Indian labour abroad in other British colonies<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Enroll now for UPSC Course<\/strong><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Contributions of the Moderates:<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Economic Critique of British Imperialism: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They advocated for an independent Indian economy, reduced land revenue, better working conditions, and protection of local industries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Contribution to Legislative Councils: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gradual growth of the national movement.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Their demands were partially addressed in the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/udaan\/indian-councils-act-1892\/#:~:text=This%20significant%20piece%20of%20legislation,of%20administration%20in%20modern%20India.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Indian Councils Act of 1892<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which expanded councils but did not meet nationalist desires for more power.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later demands included a majority of <\/span><b>elected Indians<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>self-government<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the lines of the self-governing colonies of Canada and Australia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nationalist Movement: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emphasis on constitutional methods, economic critique, and demands for greater Indian participation in governance played a significant role in shaping the early nationalist movement in India.<\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Role of Masses: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Narrow social base and the masses played a passive role.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Government Response:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Divide and Rule Strategy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They openly condemned the Congress and adopted a &#8216;divide and rule&#8217; strategy involving encouraging individuals like <\/span><b>Sir Syed Ahmed Khan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Raja Shiv Prasad Singh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to organize the <\/span><b>United Indian Patriotic Association <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to counter Congress propaganda.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Carrot and Stick Approach:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was used to pit the Moderates within the Congress against the more radical Extremists.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100.872%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Lord Curzon: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Congress is tottering to its fall, and one of my great ambitions while in India is to assist it to a peaceful demise.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dufferin <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">called the Congress \u201ca<\/span><b> factory of sedition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"width: 100.406%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 357.002%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Must Read<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.0057%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 306.996%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Editorial Analysis<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.0057%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Upsc Notes\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 306.996%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/blogs\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Upsc Blogs\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.0057%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCERT Notes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 306.996%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Free Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian National Congress during its initial phase played an important role in shaping the political landscape of colonial India.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Through a strategy of <\/span><b>nonviolent protest and negotiation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Congress leaders sought to achieve greater representation and autonomy within the British colonial framework.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This period <\/span><b>laid the foundation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for later movements towards independence, setting the stage for more assertive forms of resistance against British rule.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100.591%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 199.45%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Related Articles\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.7568%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/administration-before-1857-impact-of-british-administration\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administration Before 1857<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 149.693%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/indian-national-army\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian National Army<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.7568%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/development-of-press-during-and-after-the-first-world-war\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s Press Evolution Post First World War<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 149.693%; 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