{"id":94147,"date":"2024-03-27T15:06:46","date_gmt":"2024-03-27T09:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=udaan&#038;p=94147"},"modified":"2024-09-13T15:19:42","modified_gmt":"2024-09-13T09:49:42","slug":"right-against-exploitation","status":"publish","type":"udaan","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/udaan\/right-against-exploitation","title":{"rendered":"Right Against Exploitation in the Indian Constitution &#8211; Articles 23-24"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Introduction<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The right against <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/right-against-exploitation\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exploitation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as enshrined in <\/span><b>Articles 23 and 24 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/indian-constitution-exploration\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Constitution<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, serves as a <\/span><b>bulwark against various forms of exploitation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and abuse. These articles prohibit trafficking in <\/span><b>human beings<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>forced labor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/covid-has-led-to-major-rise-in-child-labor\/\"><b>child labor<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They emphasize the importance of <\/span><b>human dignity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the need to protect <\/span><b>vulnerable groups<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from exploitation and coercion. These provisions underscore the commitment of the Indian state to <a title=\"Guardians of Freedom: Safeguarding Right Against Exploitation in India\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/right-against-exploitation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">safeguarding the rights<\/a> and dignity of all individuals, particularly the most vulnerable members of society.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Article 23: Prohibition of Traffic in Human Beings and Forced Labour<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 23 says <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">traffic in <\/span><b>human beings<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>beggars<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>other similar forms of forced labour<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are prohibited.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable by law.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aims to eliminate practices that exploit and oppress individuals, especially those from <\/span><b>vulnerable segments of society<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is founded on the <\/span><b>principles of equality<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a title=\"Analyzing Social Justice: Principles, Thinkers, and the Pursuit of Equity\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/social-justice-principles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>justice<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the<\/span><b> preservation of <a title=\"NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION (NHRC) IN INDIA: COMPOSITION, POWER &#038; FUNCTIONS &#038; CHALLENGES\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/national-human-rights-commission\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">human rights<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This right is available to both<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/citizenship\/\"><b>citizens <\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>non-citizens.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is available against both the <\/span><b>State <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>Private <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">persons.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Exception: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 23 permits the <\/span><b>State to impose compulsory service <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for public purposes.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Example:<\/b> <b>Military<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><b>social service<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, for which it is not bound to pay (However, no discrimination on religion, race, caste or class)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Traffic in Human Beings: It means <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">selling and buying of <\/span><b>men<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><b> women<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>children<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like goods; Immoral traffic in <\/span><b>women<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>children<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><b>prostitution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><b>Devadasis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><b>Slavery<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To combat trafficking, forced labor, and other forms of exploitation, the Indian government has enacted laws like the <\/span><b>Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><b>Bonded Labor System (Abolition) Act<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, providing legal frameworks to address these offenses.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Meaning of Terms:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Begar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: means compulsory <\/span><b>work without remuneration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Forced Labour<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: means compelling a person to <\/span><b>work<\/b> <b>against his will<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Force includes physical, legal and economic compulsion.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Note<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The \u2019Age\u2019 is not mentioned in Article 23.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Vishal Jeet v. Union of India (1990):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> SC held that the right to receive timely and fair wages is an essential component of the prohibition on forced labor under Article 23, Also <\/span><b>delayed payment or non-payment of wages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> could be considered as <\/span><b>forced labor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, violating the constitutional rights of workers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Article 24: Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 24:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Prohibits the<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/employment-growth-nature-in-india\/\"><b>employment <\/b><\/a><b>of children <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(below the age of<\/span><b> 14 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in any <\/span><b>factory<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>mine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or<\/span><b> other hazardous activities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like construction work or railway.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>does not prohibit <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">their employment in any <\/span><b>harmless <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">or <\/span><b>innocent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> work.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Aim: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its objective is to safeguard the rights and well-being of children by prohibiting their employment in specific hazardous occupations or processes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Authority to Regulate: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article also grants the government the authority to pass legislation identifying particular occupations and processes deemed hazardous for children.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It empowers the government to <\/span><b>impose essential restrictions and regulations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to ensure the effective enforcement of this provision.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Interconnection between Article 24 and Article 21A: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 24 is closely linked to Article 21A, which guarantees the right to education for children between the ages of 6 and 14 years.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By prohibiting child labor, Article 24 promotes the<\/span><b> realization of the<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/digital-literacy-in-indian-education\/\"><b> right to education<\/b> <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and ensures that children have the opportunity to develop their potential and skills through proper schooling.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Government Initiatives:<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enacted to provide for the establishment of <\/span><a title=\"19th Foundation Day of NCPCR: National Commission for Protection of Child Rights\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/ncpcr-19th-foundation-day\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>National and State Commissions for Protection of Child Rights<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Children\u2019s Courts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for providing <\/span><b>speedy trial<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of offences against children or of violation of child rights.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Supreme Court: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Directed the establishment of the<\/span><b> Child Labour Rehabilitation Welfare Fund.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Legislative Action: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2006, the government<\/span><b> banned the employment of children<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as <\/span><b>domestic servants<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or workers in business establishments like<\/span><b> hotels, dhabas, restaurants, shops<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> etc.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anyone employing children below the <\/span><b>age of 14 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will be liable for prosecution and penal action.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Child Labour Amendment (2016)<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This act amended the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amended the <\/span><b>Child Labour<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Prohibition and Regulation)<\/span><b> Act, 1986<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Earlier it was 18 years)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Banned the Child Labour: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prohibits the employment of children below 14 years in all occupations and processes.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Prohibits the employment of adolescents<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (14 to 18 years of age) in certain hazardous occupations and processes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>More Stringent Punishment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 6 months to 2 years imprisonment or fine of 20,000 to 50,000 or both.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>M.C. Mehta v. State of Tamil Nadu (1997)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: SC addressed the issue of child labor in the firecracker industry.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The court <\/span><b>banned the employment of children in hazardous industries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, such as firecracker manufacturing, stressing the significance of implementing Article 24 to safeguard children&#8217;s rights and well-being.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It instructed the government to <\/span><b>undertake essential measures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to eliminate child labor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100.262%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 269.176%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0392%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCERT Notes For UPSC<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 221.137%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0392%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/blogs\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Blogs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 221.137%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0392%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 221.137%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>right against exploitation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, enshrined in Articles 23 and 24 of the Indian Constitution, serves as a crucial <\/span><b>safeguard against various forms of abuse and oppression<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These articles prohibit practices such as<\/span><b> trafficking, forced labor, and child labor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, aiming to protect the dignity and rights of individuals, particularly vulnerable groups.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Through legal frameworks and enforcement measures, Article 23 and 24 underscore the <\/span><b>commitment of the Indian state <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to combat exploitation and ensure the welfare of all citizens.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","udaan-chapter":[5227],"udaan-subject":[5167],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan\/94147"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/udaan"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"udaan-chapter","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan-chapter?post=94147"},{"taxonomy":"udaan-subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan-subject?post=94147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}