{"id":95102,"date":"2024-09-13T16:58:30","date_gmt":"2024-09-13T11:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=udaan&#038;p=95102"},"modified":"2024-09-13T16:58:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-13T11:28:30","slug":"state-legislative-council","status":"publish","type":"udaan","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/udaan\/state-legislative-council","title":{"rendered":"State Legislative Council: Composition, Function, and Role"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legislative Council (<\/span><b>Vidhan Parishad<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) of a state comprises not more than one-third of the total number of members in the legislative assembly of the state and in no case less than 40 members. Legislative councils are not subject to dissolution but one-third of their members retire every second year.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 169: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parliament can <\/span><b>abolish a Legislative Council or create it <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if the legislative assembly of the concerned state passes a resolution by a <\/span><b>Special Majority <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to that effect.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This Act of Parliament is <\/span><b>not to be deemed as an amendment of the<a title=\"INDIAN CONSTITUTION: DEMOCRACY, RIGHTS &#038; DIVERSITY\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/indian-constitution-exploration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Constitution <\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for the purposes of<\/span><b> Art. 368<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and is passed like an <\/span><b>ordinary piece of legislation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(by Simple Majority).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Modification of Legislative Council: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The scheme of composition of a <\/span><b>legislative council as laid down in the <a title=\"CONSTITUTION OF INDIA: SOVEREIGNTY, REPUBLICANISM &#038; SHAPING DEMOCRACY\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/constitution-of-india-journey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution<\/a> is tentative<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and not final. The <\/span><a title=\"FUNCTIONS OF PARLIAMENT(PART-V) IN INDIAN CONSTITUTION\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/functions-of-parliament\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Parliament<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is authorized to modify or replace the same.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.1%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Strength<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 84.5801%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Max Strength<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>1\/3rd<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the total strength of the assembly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Min Strength<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>40<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Members are <\/span><b>indirectly elected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The constitution has fixed the <\/span><b>maximum and minimum limits<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but <\/span><b>actual strength is fixed by Parliament<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Manner of election<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 84.5801%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Indirectly Elected-5\/6: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of the total number of members of a legislative council are Indirectly elected (proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1\/3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: By the members of the <\/span><b>local bodies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like <a title=\"MUNICIPALITIES IN INDIAN POLITY: EVOLUTION, TYPES AND GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/municipalities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">municipalities<\/a>, district boards etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1\/3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: By members of the <\/span><b>Legislative Assembly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1\/12<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: By<\/span><b> graduates of three years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> standing &#038; residing in the state.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1\/12<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>Teachers of three years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> standing in the state, not lower in standard than secondary school.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Nominated members<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 84.5801%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>1\/6 Nominated by the Governor <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">having knowledge &#038; experience in <\/span><b>Cooperative Movement, Literature, Arts, Social Service, Science<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Duration<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 84.5801%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Continuing chamber <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(permanent body).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>One-third<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of members <\/span><b>retire<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> after <\/span><b>every 2<\/b><b>nd<\/b><b> year<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. So, a member continues as such for <\/span><b>six years.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Eligible for re-election <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>re-nomination <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by the Governor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legislative councils serve as<\/span><b> upper houses <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in bicameral legislatures, their role in scrutinizing and refining laws <\/span><b>complements the work of lower houses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, enhancing the<\/span><b> quality and effectiveness<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the legislative process. Through <\/span><b>diverse representation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and deliberation, legislative councils contribute to <\/span><b>balanced<a title=\"GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: DIMENSIONS, CHALLENGES &#038; STRATEGIES FOR UPSC PREPARATION\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/governance-basics-and-background\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> governance<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><b>protection of democratic values<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","udaan-chapter":[5230],"udaan-subject":[5167],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan\/95102"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/udaan"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"udaan-chapter","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan-chapter?post=95102"},{"taxonomy":"udaan-subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan-subject?post=95102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}