{"id":95831,"date":"2024-03-26T15:06:42","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T09:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=udaan&#038;p=95831"},"modified":"2024-09-13T17:08:39","modified_gmt":"2024-09-13T11:38:39","slug":"panchayati-raj-committees","status":"publish","type":"udaan","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/udaan\/panchayati-raj-committees","title":{"rendered":"Contributions of Panchayati Raj Committees in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Introduction<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a title=\"PANCHAYATI RAJ IN INDIA: DEFINITION, FEATURE, CHALLENGES AND EMPOWERING LOCAL GOVERNANCE\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/panchayat-raj\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Panchayati Raj<\/a> refers to the system of <\/span><b>local self-government in rural areas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, established under the <\/span><b>73rd <a title=\"CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT PROCESS IN INDIA: TYPES, SIGNIFICANCE &#038; IMPLICATIONS\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/types-of-amendments\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitutional Amendment Act<\/a> of 1992.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Various committees on Panchayats refer to <\/span><b>specialized bodies or groups<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> formed to study, evaluate, or advise on matters related to Panchayati Raj institutions (PRIs) in India.\u00a0 These committees are often constituted by government authorities at different levels to address specific issues, propose reforms, or monitor the functioning of Panchayats.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local Government is a <\/span><b>state subject <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">under the <\/span><b>seventh schedule (the fifth entry of the State List of the Seventh Schedule to the <a title=\"CONSTITUTION OF INDIA: SOVEREIGNTY, REPUBLICANISM &#038; SHAPING DEMOCRACY\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/constitution-of-india-journey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution<\/a> of India deals with &#8216;local government&#8217;)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 40 (<a title=\"DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY: SIGNIFICANCE, CLASSIFICATION AND IMPACT ON SOCIAL WELFARE LAWS\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/directive-principles-of-state-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DPSP<\/a>): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>State<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to <\/span><b>enable them to function as units of self-government<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>First state <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to establish Panchayati Raj: <\/span><b>Nagaur,<\/b> <b>Rajasthan (<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by PM Jawaharlal Nehru on October 2, 1959<\/span><b>)<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Subject of \u2018Urban Local Government\u2019: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs + Ministry of Defence + Ministry of Home Affairs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Lord Ripon Resolution <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Father of Local Self Government): Magna Carta of local self-government introduced in <\/span><b>1882.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Evolution of Panchayats in India<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Objective of the Committee: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examine the working of <\/span><b>Community Development Programs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (1952) and <\/span><b>National Extension Services<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (1953).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Submitted a report in November 1957 and recommended the establishment of the scheme of \u2018democratic decentralization\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><strong>Major Recommendations:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Three-tier<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Panchayati Raj system (Gram panchayat- Village level, Panchayat samiti-Block level and Zila parishad-district level).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Direct election<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for village panchayats.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Indirect election<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for panchayat samiti (executive body) and zila parishad (advisory, coordinating and supervisory body).<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Planning and development should be entrusted to these bodies.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> district collector<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should be the <\/span><b>chairman<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of Zila Parishad.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Genuine transfer of power <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and responsibility to these democratice bodies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Adequate resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should be transferred to these bodies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Further devolution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of authority in the future.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recommendations of the committee were accepted by the <\/span><b>National Development Council<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in January 1958.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rajasthan was the first state to establish Panchayati Raj<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> inaugurated by the prime minister on October 2, 1959, in Nagaur district.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ashok Mehta Committee (1977)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Objective:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Committee on Panchayat Raj Institutions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It submitted its report in <\/span><b>August 1978<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and made <\/span><b>132 recommendations <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to revive and strengthen the declining Panchayati Raj system in the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Recommendations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>2 tiers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><b>Zila parishad at district level<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>mandal panchayat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> consisting of a group of villages<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">District should be the <\/span><b>first point for decentralization<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PRIs should have <\/span><b>regular social audits <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by a district-level agency.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PRIs should have <\/span><b>compulsory powers of taxation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to mobilize their own financial resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Official <\/span><b>participation of political parties <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">at all levels of panchayat elections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State government should <\/span><b>not supersede the PRIs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Executive Body<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Zila Parishad (planning and development).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recommended <\/span><b>Nyaya Panchaya<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">t (presided over by a qualified judge ).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Developmental function<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shall be transferred to CEO of Zila Parishad.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Panchayati Raj Elections:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The chief electoral officer of a state in consultation with the chief election commissioner should organise and conduct the elections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>District collector<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as a regulator, revenue functions of state govt.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Minister for Panchayati Raj: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to be appointed in the state council of ministers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reservation of Seats: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for SCs and STs on the basis of their <a title=\"POPULATION IN INDIA: DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, GROWTH RATES, AND SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/population-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">population<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Constitutional Recognition (PRIs): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To ensure sanctity and stature and an assurance of continuous functioning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No actions were taken on any recommendation, However <\/span><b>Karnataka, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">took steps to revitalise the Panchayati raj based on the recommendations of this committee.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Dantewala Committee (1978): On Block Level Planning.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The basic decentralised planning function should be done at the district level.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Hanumantha Rao Committee (1984):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Separate district planning bodies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> under either the District Collector or a minister.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collectors should play a significant role in decentralised planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Like Dantewala<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, This committee also suggested that <\/span><b>basic decentralised planning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> function should be done at the district level.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>G V K Rao Committee (1985):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Objective: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To examine programs of <\/span><b>rural development and poverty alleviation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Concluded that the <\/span><b>developmental process<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was gradually bureaucratised and divorced from the Panchayati Raj.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Recommendations<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Zila parishad: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It should be of pivotal importance. Zila Parishad should become the principal body for the management of all development programs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Development Program Responsibilities: PRI <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">at district and lower levels should be assigned to <\/span><b>planning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>implementation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><b> monitoring of development programmes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Creation of the post of <\/span><b>District Development Commissioner<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of the planning functions at the state level should be transferred to the district level planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Regular elections<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should be held.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>L M Singhvi Committee (1986):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Objective: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To prepare a concept paper on <\/span><b>\u2018Revitalization of Panchayati Raj Institutions for Democracy and Development\u2019<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Recommendations<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Constitutional recognition <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to PRI with the <\/span><b>addition of a new chapter <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the Constitution of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>3 tiers system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with Zilla parishad (Planning and development at the district level).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nyaya Panchayats <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for a cluster of villages.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make Gram Panchayats more viable (embodiment of direct democracy).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Establishment of tribunals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for PRIs issues.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Thungon Committee: District Planning (1988)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Objective: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To examine the political and administrative structure in the district for the purpose of district planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Recommendations<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Constitutional recognition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of PRIs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Three tiers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Panchayati Raj.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Zila Parishad<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for planning and development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fixed tenure of <\/span><b>5 years.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The maximum period of super session of a body: <\/span><b>six months<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reservation of seats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in all the three-tiers on the basis of population as well as reservation for <\/span><b>women.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>State finance commission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in each state.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Planning and coordination committee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the state level (chaired by the Minister of Planning).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>District collector<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should be the CEO of Zila Parishad.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Gadgil Committee (Committee on Policy and Programs) (1988):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Objective: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The committee considered the question of \u201chow best Panchayati Raj institutions could be made effective\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Recommendations<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Constitutional status to PRIs.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>3 tiers, fixed 5 year tenure.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Empowerment of Panchayati Raj: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Panchayati Raj bodies should have the <\/span><b>responsibility of preparation and implementation of plans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for socio-economic development.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For this purpose, a <\/span><b>list of subjects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should be specified in the constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Direct elections<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for members of the Panchayats at all three levels.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reservation for <\/span><b>SCs, STs and women<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Power to levy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><b> collect<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>appropriate taxes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and duties to PRIs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Establishment of <\/span><b>State Finance Commission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>State <a title=\"ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA: COMPOSITION, FUNCTIONS AND ELECTORAL REFORMS\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/election-commission-of-india-article-324-329-part-xv\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Election Commission<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>These recommendations became the basis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for drafting an amendment bill <\/span><b>to confer constitutional status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and protection to the <\/span><b>Panchayati Raj institutions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Various committees on Panchayati Raj<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have played crucial roles in <\/span><b>shaping the evolution and effectiveness<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of local self-government institutions in India.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Through their recommendations and insights, these committees have contributed to the <\/span><b>empowerment, accountability, and efficiency of Panchayati Raj bodies, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">thereby promoting grassroots <a title=\"INDIAN DEMOCRACY: FROM EMERGENCE OF ELECTORAL POLITICS TO DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/from-colony-to-democracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">democracy<\/a> and socio-economic development across the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","udaan-chapter":[5775],"udaan-subject":[5167],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan\/95831"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/udaan"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"udaan-chapter","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan-chapter?post=95831"},{"taxonomy":"udaan-subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan-subject?post=95831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}