{"id":95856,"date":"2024-04-01T15:06:41","date_gmt":"2024-04-01T09:36:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=udaan&#038;p=95856"},"modified":"2024-09-13T17:16:46","modified_gmt":"2024-09-13T11:46:46","slug":"fifth-schedule-of-constitution","status":"publish","type":"udaan","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/udaan\/fifth-schedule-of-constitution","title":{"rendered":"Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution: Fostering Tribal Welfare"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Introduction<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Fifth Schedule of the <a title=\"INDIAN CONSTITUTION: DEMOCRACY, RIGHTS &#038; DIVERSITY\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/indian-constitution-exploration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indian Constitution<\/a> pertains to the <\/span><b>administration and governance of scheduled areas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and scheduled tribes in states across India, <\/span><b>excluding Assam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>Meghalay<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a,<\/span><b> Tripura<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>Mizoram<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It outlines special provisions aimed at <\/span><b>protecting the interests<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><b> promoting the development of tribal communities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> residing in these designated areas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This schedule delineates the <\/span><b>powers and responsibilities of various <a title=\"CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/constitutional-bodies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governmental bodies<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in ensuring the welfare, autonomy, and cultural preservation of scheduled tribes within the specified regions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b><a title=\"PART-I (CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK)\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/part-i-constitutional-framework\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitutional Framework<\/a> for the Administration and Welfare of Scheduled Areas and Tribes<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Article 244; Part X<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Special system of administration for <\/span><b>\u2018Scheduled Areas\u2019(SA) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#038; <\/span><b>\u2018Tribal Areas\u2019(TA).<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>5<\/b><b>th<\/b><b> Schedule<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Administration &#038; control of scheduled areas &#038; scheduled tribes in any state <\/span><b>except <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4 states &#8211; Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura &#038; Mizoram (AMTM). <\/span><b>[UPSC 2015]<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Article 244(1): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scheduled Areas means such areas as the <\/span><b><a title=\"PRESIDENT OF INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL ROLES, ELECTORAL PROCESSES AND EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/president-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">President<\/a> may by order declare<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to be Scheduled Areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Article 339:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Administration of Scheduled Areas (5th Schedule)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Differential Treatment for Aboriginal Communities:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These areas are inhabited by <\/span><b>aboriginals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> who are <\/span><b>socially and economically backward<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>special efforts <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">need to be made to improve their condition. Hence, the <a title=\"PART \u2013 III (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT)\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/part-iii-central-government\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central government<\/a> has been entrusted with somewhat greater responsibility for these areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Presidential Commission: The President<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> appoints a commission to report on the administration of SAs &#038; welfare of STs in states at any time but compulsorily after 10 years of the commencement of the <a title=\"CONSTITUTION OF INDIA: SOVEREIGNTY, REPUBLICANISM &#038; SHAPING DEMOCRACY\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/constitution-of-india-journey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution<\/a> (Constitutional obligation).<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Two such Commissions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>U N Dhebar (1960) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#038; <\/span><b>Dilip Singh Bhuria Committee (2002).<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has scheduled areas (till 2019) in the states of <\/span><b>\u00a0Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and<\/span><b> Rajasthan.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>A Closer Look at the 5th Schedule Provisions<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Declaration of\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Scheduled Areas\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> President<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is empowered to declare an area to be a SA. <\/span><b>[UPSC 2023]<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The President can make changes in its <\/span><b>area &#038; boundary<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, rescind such designation or <\/span><b>make fresh orders<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for such redesignation on an area in consultation with the <\/span><a title=\"Governors of States of India 2023, Governors of Union Territories List, Updated Governors of India List 2023\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/governors-of-states-of-india-2023\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Governor<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of state.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Executive Power of\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>State &#038; Centre<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State Executive power extends to SAs, but the <\/span><b>Governor has a special responsibility<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Governor submits a <\/span><b>report to the President <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">regarding the administration of such areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Centre can give directions <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to states for such areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Tribes Advisory\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Council (TAC)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each State having scheduled areas has to establish a TAC to advise on welfare measures\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consists of<\/span><b> 20 members<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>3\/4th<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of whom are to be the representatives of STs in the <a title=\"STATE LEGISLATURE IN INDIA: STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS, AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESS\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/state-legislature-article-168-212-part-vi-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Legislative<\/a> Assembly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the President so directs, a similar council can also be established in a state with scheduled tribes that lack scheduled areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Laws Applicable to\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Scheduled Areas<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Governor directs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> if any Central or State Act applies to such areas or applies with any modification.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Governors can make r<\/span><b>egulations for peace &#038; good governance of SAs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> after consulting TAC<\/span><b>.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Such regulations may <\/span><b>prohibit or restrict<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the <\/span><b>transfer of land<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by or among members of the scheduled tribes<\/span><b> [UPSC 2022]<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Criteria for declaring an area as Scheduled Area: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These criteria are not spelled out in the Constitution of India but have become well-established.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">preponderance of the tribal population;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compactness and reasonable size of the area;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under-developed nature of the area; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The marked disparity in the economic standard of the people.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Present Status of Scheduled Areas in the Country:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Only 10 States: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fifth Schedule Areas are present in 10 States namely Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, and Telangana<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Exclusion of Tribal Habitats: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tribal habitations in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Jammu &#038; Kashmir have not been brought under the Fifth or Sixth Schedule.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution outlines provisions for the administration and <a title=\"GOVERNANCE\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/governance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governance<\/a> of scheduled areas, recognizing the unique socio-economic and cultural circumstances of indigenous communities residing in these regions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It mandates special attention from both the Central and <a title=\"PART -IV (STATE GOVERNMENT)\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/part-iv-state-government\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Governments<\/a> to address the welfare, development, and preservation of the rights of scheduled tribes living in these designated areas.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","udaan-chapter":[5779],"udaan-subject":[5167],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan\/95856"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/udaan"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"udaan-chapter","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan-chapter?post=95856"},{"taxonomy":"udaan-subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan-subject?post=95856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}