{"id":96271,"date":"2024-03-27T15:06:45","date_gmt":"2024-03-27T09:36:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=udaan&#038;p=96271"},"modified":"2024-10-08T15:33:27","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T10:03:27","slug":"directive-principles-of-state-policy-2","status":"publish","type":"udaan","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/udaan\/directive-principles-of-state-policy-2","title":{"rendered":"Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP): Nurturing Socio-Economic Democracy and Welfare Ideals"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Introduction<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The phrase \u2018<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/directive-principles-of-state-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Directive Principles of State Policy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019 denotes the<\/span><b> ideals that the State should keep in mind <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">while <\/span><b>formulating policies <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>enacting laws<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These are the <\/span><b>constitutional instructions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><b>recommendations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the State in legislative, executive and administrative matters.<\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/dr-bhimrao-ramji-ambedkar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Dr B.R. Ambedkar<\/b><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">described the DPSP as the <\/span><b>\u2018novel feature\u2019<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/indian-constitution-exploration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Constitution<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Along with the <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/fundamental-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Fundamental Rights<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it contains the <\/span><b>philosophy of the Constitution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and is the soul of the Constitution.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Borrowed from the <\/span><b>Irish Constitution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which had copied it from the <\/span><b>Spanish Constitution.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Resemble the \u2018<\/span><b>Instrument of Instructions\u2019 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">enumerated in the<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/government-of-india-act-1935\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Government of India Act 1935.<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DPSP lays down the goal of Indian polity as <\/span><b>\u2018Socio-economic democracy\u2019 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as distinguished from <\/span><b>\u2018Political democracy\u2019.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Granville Austin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>DPSP + FR = Conscience of the Constitution.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 37: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These principles are <\/span><b>fundamental in the governance <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the country, and it <\/span><b>shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in making laws. <\/span><b>[UPSC 2013]<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Exceptions to DPSP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Laws giving effect to <\/span><b>Art 39 (b) and (c) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of DPSPs should not be declared as unconstitutional and void on grounds of violation or contravention of <\/span><b>Articles 14 and 19<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Minerva Mills Case (1980): Harmony and balance between FR and DPSP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are an essential feature of the <\/span><b>basic structure <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Features of Directive Principles of State Policy<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Comprehensive Framework: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DPSPs constitute a very <\/span><b>comprehensive economic, social &#038; political programme <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for a modern democratic state.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Constitutional Guidance: Constitutional instructions or recommendations to the State<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in legislative, executive and administrative matters. <\/span><b>[UPSC 2020]<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Scope of &#8220;State&#8221;: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The phrase <\/span><b>\u2018State\u2019 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">includes <\/span><b>legislative <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>executive organs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the central and state governments, all local authorities and all other public authorities in the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Political Sanction: Moral obligation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on the state authorities for their application, but the <\/span><b>real force behind them is political<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, that is, <\/span><b>public opinion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enshrines <\/span><b>Socio-economic democracy <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(which is positive in nature, unlike FR, which is negative in nature). <\/span><b>[UPSC 2015]<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Complementary Rights: Supplementary to the<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/fundamental-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b> fundamental rights<\/b><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/citizenship\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">citizens<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They are <\/span><b>intended to fill in the vacuum in Part III <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by providing for social and economic rights.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sir B.N. Rau (Constitutional Advisor): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recommended that the rights of an individual should be divided into two categories- justiciable and non-justiciable, which was accepted by the Drafting Committee (chaired by: Ambedkar).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Welfare State: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DPSPs embody a \u2018<\/span><b>Welfare State\u2019 and not a Police State. [UPSC 2020, 2015]<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Aligned with the Preamble: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DPSP aims at <\/span><b>realizing justice, liberty, equality &#038; fraternity <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as mentioned in the Preamble.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Non-justiciable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>Not legally enforceable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by the courts for their violation or non-implementation. <\/span><b>[UPSC 2020, 2015]<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>DPSPs in <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/judiciary-rights-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Judicial Review<\/b><\/a><b>: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DPSPs <\/span><b>help the courts <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in examining and determining the <\/span><b>constitutional validity <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of a law.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>SC: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any law for implementing DPSPs needs to be <\/span><b>reasonable <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in relation to <\/span><b>Articles 14 &#038; 19.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Classification of Directive Principles of State Policy<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Constitution does not specify the classification <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of DPSPs. On the basis of content, these are classified into Socialist, Gandhian and Liberal-intellectual.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>SOCIALIST<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reflects ideology of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/socialist-and-secular\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Socialism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, lays down the framework of a democratic socialist state, aims at providing<\/span><b> social <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>economic justice<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and sets the path towards<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a <\/span><b>welfare state.<\/b><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 38<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promote the welfare of the people by<\/span><b> securing a social order permeated by justice-social, economic and political<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To <\/span><b>minimize <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/income-disparities-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>inequalities<\/b> <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in income, status, facilities and opportunities (Added by 44th Amendment).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 39<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>The state shall direct its policies towards securing:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adequate means of livelihood for its citizens, men and women equally.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That the <\/span><b>ownership and control of material resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the community are so distributed as best to serve the common good.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That the operation of the economic system doesn\u2019t result in the <\/span><b>concentration of wealth<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and means of production.<\/span><b> [UPSC 2021]<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Equal pay for equal work<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for men and women.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Preservation of <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/role-of-government-in-health-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>health<\/b> <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and strength of workers and children against forcible abuse.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opportunity for the<\/span><b> healthy development of children<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the protection of childhood and youth against moral and material development. <\/span><b>(42nd CAA, 1976)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 39A<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To promote <\/span><b>equal justice<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and to provide <\/span><b>free legal aid<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the poor <\/span><b>(42nd CAA, 1976)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 41<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Right to work,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> education, and <\/span><b>public assistance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the event of <\/span><b>unemployment, old age, or sickness.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 42<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provision for just and <\/span><b>humane conditions of work<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>maternity relief.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 43<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To secure a <\/span><b>living wage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, decent <\/span><b>standards of life<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>social <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and<\/span><b> cultural opportunities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for <\/span><b>all workers.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 43A<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Take steps to secure the <\/span><b>participation of workers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the management of industries <\/span><b>(42nd CAA, 1976)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 47<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To raise the<\/span><b> level of nutrition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the standard of living of the people &#038; to<\/span><b> improve<\/b> <b>public health.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Section 12: Free legal services<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Art.39A). It is available to <\/span><b>Women and children, Members of SC\/ST<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Legal Services Authority does not mention OBCs while providing free legal services), Industrial workmen, Victims of mass disaster, violence, flood, drought, earthquakes, industrial disaster, Disabled persons, Persons in custody, Persons whose annual income does <\/span><b>not exceed\u00a0 1 lakh <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">or as prescribed by the State Government, <\/span><b>Victims of trafficking in human beings or beggars<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the income ceiling limit for <\/span><b>Transgender<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is <\/span><b>Rs. 2,00,000<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Senior Citizens <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Not all senior citizens are eligible for free legal services, it depends on the rules framed by the respective state governments, which can prescribe income limits).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>GANDHIAN<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on Gandhian Ideology. Represent the <\/span><b>programme of reconstruction <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">enunciated by Gandhi <\/span><b>during the <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/indian-national-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>National Movement.<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 616px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 178px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 178px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 40<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 178px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To organize <\/span><b>village Panchayats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (grassroots-level democracy) and endow them with the necessary powers and authority to enable them to function as units of self-government.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>73rd CAA, 1992:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Constitutional recognition to Panchayats (Part IX, Schedule 11).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 74px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 74px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 43<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 74px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promote <\/span><b>cottage industries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on an individual or<\/span><b> co-operative <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">basis in rural areas.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 108px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 108px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 43B<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 108px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control &#038; professional management of<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/co-operative-societies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b> Co-operative Societies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><b>97th Amendment 2011<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 108px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 108px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 46<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 108px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To promote the <\/span><b>educational <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>economic <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">interests of <\/span><b>SCs, STs and other weaker sections<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of society, the state shall protect them from<\/span><b> social injustice <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>exploitation.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 74px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 74px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 47<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 74px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prohibit the consumption except for medicinal purposes of <\/span><b>intoxicating drinks and drugs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 74px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 74px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>Article 48<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 74px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prohibit the <\/span><b>slaughter of cows, calves and other milch<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>draught cattle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and improve their breeds.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>LIBERAL INTELLECTUAL:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To represent the ideology of<\/span><b> liberalism.<\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 9.28473%;\"><b>Article 44<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 90.3026%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To secure for all citizens a<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/uniform-civil-code\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Uniform Civil Code<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> throughout the country.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Shah Bano Case (1985)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: In the Shah Bano case, the apex court had said that a common civil code would help the cause of national integration by removing disparate loyalties to laws having conflicting ideologies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 9.28473%;\"><b>Article 45<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 90.3026%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To provide<\/span><b> early childhood care<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>education<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for all children until they complete the <\/span><b>age of 6 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><b>86th CAA, 2002<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 9.28473%;\"><b>Article 48<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 90.3026%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To organize <\/span><b>agriculture <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>animal husbandry<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on modern and<\/span><b> scientific lines<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 9.28473%;\"><b>Article 48A<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 90.3026%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To <\/span><b>protect <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>improve the environment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and to safeguard forests &#038; wildlife (<\/span><b>42nd CAA, 1976<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 9.28473%;\"><b>Article 49<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 90.3026%;\"><b>Protect monuments<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, places and objects of artistic or historic interests which are declared to be of <\/span><b>national importance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 9.28473%;\"><b>Article 50<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 90.3026%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To <\/span><b>separate the Judiciary from the Executive<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the public services of the state.. <\/span><b>[UPSC 2020]<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 9.28473%;\"><b>Article 51<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; width: 90.3026%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To promote <\/span><b>International peace<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, maintain honourable relations between nations, foster <\/span><b>respect for international laws<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and treaty obligations and <\/span><b>encourage peaceful settlements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><b>[UPSC 2015]<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Amendment To Directive Principles of State Policy: New Directive Principles<\/b><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Amendment<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Description<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>42nd Amendment Act of 1976<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Added<\/b> <b>Article 39(f), Article 39A, Article 43A, Article 48A. [UPSC 2017]<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 39(f):\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a <\/span><b>healthy manner <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 39A: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0The State shall ensure that the operation of the legal system <\/span><b>promotes justice<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, provides <\/span><b>free legal aid<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 43A: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The State shall take steps to secure the participation of workers in the <\/span><b>management of undertakings<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 48A: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Subjects Transferred to Concurrent List: 42nd CAA (1976)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shifted the <\/span><b>five subjects <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from the State list to the Concurrent list: <\/span><b>Education, Forests, Weights and measures, Protection of Wild Animals and Birds, and Administration of Justice.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>44th Amendment Act of 1978<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Added<\/b> <b>Article 38(2)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: To minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>86th Amendment Act of 2002<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Added<\/b> <b>Article 45: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amendment changed the subject &#8211; matter of <\/span><b>Article 45<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>elementary education<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> made as FR under Article 21A.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><b>97th Amendment Act of 2011<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Added<\/b> <b>Article 43B: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To promote formation, functioning and management <\/span><b>of\u00a0 Co-operative Societies.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Importance\/Significance of DPSP<\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Supplementary Rights: Supplementary to the fundamental rights<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it provides stability and continuity in domestic and foreign policies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Supportive Environment: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enables a favourable atmosphere for the full and proper enjoyment of fundamental rights.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fostering Democratic Oversight: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enable the opposition to exercise influence and <\/span><b>control over the operations of the government.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Performance Evaluation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Serve as a crucial<\/span><b> test for the performance of the government<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as well as a common political manifesto.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Directives outside PART IV<\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.7561%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 41.4855%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Article 335 Part XVI<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 201.05%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Claims of SCs &#038; STs to services.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 41.4855%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Article 350A Part XVII<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 201.05%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instruction in mother tongue.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 41.4855%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Article 351 Part XVII<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 201.05%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Development of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/hindi-language\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hindi Language.<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Conflict between Fundamental Rights and DPSP<\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 1012px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 74px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; height: 74px; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Cases<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; height: 74px; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Supreme Court View<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 120px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 120px; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Champakam Dorairajan Case 1951<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 120px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>FR would prevail over DPSPs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>FRs can be amended<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by the Parliament by enacting Constitutional amendments.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 120px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 120px; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Golaknath Case 1967<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 120px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Parliament cannot take away <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">any of the FR (sacrosanct).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>FR cannot be amended <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for the implementation of DPSPs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 180px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 180px; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>24<\/b><b>th<\/b><b> Amendment 1971<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 180px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parliament has the <\/span><b>power to take away any FR <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by enacting a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/amendment-of-the-constitution-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Constitutional Amendment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Inserted<\/b> <b>Article 31C:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Any law for the implementation of Art.39(b) &#038; 39(c) shall not be void if it violates Art.14 &#038; Art.19.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Such laws <\/span><b>cannot be questioned in <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a court of law.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 128px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 128px; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Kesavananda Bharati<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Case 1973<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 128px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The second provision of <\/span><b>Article 31C<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was declared invalid.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Judicial review is a <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/basic-structure-of-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>basic structure.<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 120px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 120px; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>42<\/b><b>nd<\/b><b> Amendment 1976<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 120px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any law for implementation of any DPSP shall not be void if it violates Article 14 &#038; Article 19.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DPSPs are accorded primacy over <\/span><b>Article 14<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#038; <\/span><b>Article 19<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 120px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 120px; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Minerva Mills Case 1980<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 120px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The primacy of DPSP over FR under the 42nd Amendment was declared invalid.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>SC<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Indian Constitution is <\/span><b>founded on the bedrock of balance between FR &#038; DPSP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 150px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 150px; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Present position<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 150px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fundamental Rights enjoy supremacy <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">over the Directive Principles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Parliament can, however, amend the <\/span><b>Fundamental Rights for implementing the Directive Principles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, so long as the amendment does not damage or destroy the basic structure of the Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Difference between Fundamental Rights and DPSPs<\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 802px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 74px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00; height: 74px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Fundamental Rights<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00; height: 74px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Directive Principles<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 74px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 74px;\"><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Borrowed from the<\/span><b> Constitution of the<\/b> <b>USA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 74px;\"><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Borrowed from the<\/span><b> Irish Constitution of 1937<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 108px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 108px;\"><b>Negative: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They<\/span><b> prohibit the State <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from doing certain things. Hence,<\/span><b> Negative<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in nature.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 108px;\"><b>Positive: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They require the <\/span><b>State to do certain things<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Hence, <\/span><b>positive<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in nature.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 74px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 74px;\"><b>Justiciable.<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 74px;\"><b>Non-justiciable.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 74px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 74px;\"><b>Aim:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To establish <\/span><b>political democracy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the country.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 74px;\"><b>Aim: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To establish <\/span><b>social and economic democracy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the country.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 74px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 74px;\"><b>Sanction: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Have <\/span><b>legal sanctions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 74px;\"><b>Sanction: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Have <\/span><b>moral and political sanctions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 108px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 108px;\"><b>Promote the welfare of the individual<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Personal and individualistic.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 108px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promote the <\/span><b>welfare of the community<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Societarian &#038; Socialistic.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 108px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 108px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do not require any legislation for implementation. <\/span><b>Automatically enforced<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 108px;\"><b>Require legislation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for implementation. <\/span><b>Not automatically enforced<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 108px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 108px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Courts can declare a <\/span><b>law violative of any of the FR as unconstitutional and invalid<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 108px;\"><b>Courts cannot declare a law violative<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of any of the DPSP as unconstitutional and invalid. However, they can uphold the validity of a law to give effect to a directive.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9625%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 265.317%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0392%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCERT Notes For UPSC<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.278%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0392%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/blogs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Blogs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.278%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0392%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 217.278%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Directive Principles of State Policy serve as <\/span><b>guiding principles for governance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, advocating social, economic, and political justice.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While not legally enforceable, they represent a <\/span><b>moral commitment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by the state to pursue policies that promote the welfare of its citizens and establish an equitable society.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","udaan-chapter":[5228],"udaan-subject":[5167],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan\/96271"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/udaan"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"udaan-chapter","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan-chapter?post=96271"},{"taxonomy":"udaan-subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/udaan-subject?post=96271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}