Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: The primary source of hydrocarbons in this rocky underground is called kerogen: lumps of organic matter. 

• Kerogen can be deposited from three possible sources: as the remains of a lake (lacustrine), of a larger marine ecosystem, or of a terrestrial ecosystem.

Statement 2 is correct: The most common forms in which these hydrocarbons exist in subterranean rock formations are natural gas, coal, crude oil, and petroleum. 

Statement 3 is incorrect: Hydrocarbons are usually found in reservoirs underground created when a more resistant rock type overlays a less resistant one, in effect creating a lid that causes hydrocarbons to accumulate below it.  

• If a rock formation is highly porous, it could hold a larger quantity of hydrocarbons. Similarly, the more permeable a rock is, the more easily the hydrocarbons will flow through it.

Ans: A

Exp:

Recently, Nigeria has taken a historic step in the fight against meningitis, becoming the first country in the world to introduce a new, highly effective vaccine  called Men5CV.

Statement 1 is incorrect: Meningitis is the inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by infection.

•  It can be fatal and requires immediate medical care. Meningitis can be caused by several species of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. 

Statement 2 is correct: There are four main causes of acute bacterial meningitis:

• Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)

• Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)

• Haemophilus influenzae

• Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus)

• Group B streptococcus is often carried in the human gut or vagina and can spread from mother to child around the time of birth.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Nigeria has taken a historic step in the fight against meningitis, becoming the first country in the world to introduce a new, highly effective vaccine called Men5CV . 

• Men5CV offers protection against five strains of the meningococcus bacteria in a single shot.
• The rollout of the new shot is a significant advancement over previous vaccines, which often only targeted one or two strains.

Ans: B

Exp:

Recently, the Indian Army contingent departed  for the 5th edition of India- Uzbekistan joint military Exercise DUSTLIK. 

Piar 1 is incorrectly matched: The Indian Army contingent departed today for the 5th edition of India- Uzbekistan joint military Exercise DUSTLIK. 

• Exercise DUSTLIK is a yearly event conducted alternatively in India and Uzbekistan. India and Oman performs Al-Nagah.

Pair 2 is correctly matched: IMBEX stands for India-Myanmar Bilateral Exercise.

•  It is a joint exercise conducted between the armies of India and Myanmar.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched:  Mitrashakti is a joint India-Sri Lanka military exercise. 

• India and Bangladesh perform SAMPRITI.

Ans: D

Exp:

Recently Hokkaido island in Japan which is known as Garden of the Gods’, is witnessing increased temperatures due to climate change

• Japan: It is an island country lying off the east coast of Asia. 
• North to South Arrangement: Nearly the entire land area is taken up by the country’s four main islands; from north to south these are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. 
• Size- wise Arrangement: Honshu is the largest of the four, followed in size by Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. 

Ans: C

Exp:

Recently, Diplomats met in Paris  in order to raise humanitarian aid for the northeast African country of Sudan, which has faced conflict for a year now.

Pair 1 is correctly matched: It is an evacuation mission to bring back all the Indian nationals who are currently stranded in Ukraine.

• The tensions between Russia and Ukraine  were  heightened, with war erupting in Ukraine after the Russian military launched a series of attacks recently.

Pair 2 is correctly matched: In 2015, a conflict raged between the Yemeni government and Houthi rebels

• Thousands of Indians were stranded and Yemen was not accessible by air due to a no-fly zone announced by Saudi Arabia.
• Under Operation Raahat, India evacuated nearly 5,600 people from Yemen.

Pair 3 is correctly matched: Operation Kaveri is a codename for India’s evacuation effort to bring back its citizens stranded in Sudan amid intense fighting between the army and a rival paramilitary force there.