solution -: (2 )

Explaination here

Ans: D

Exp:

The UN-backed International Seabed Authority (ISA) has issued 31 deep-sea exploration licences, including two for India in the Indian Ocean, but is yet to allow mining because the 36-member body is still working on regulations.

About International Seabed Authority (ISA):

• Statement 1 is correct: The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is an autonomous international organisation established under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
•  ISA has the mandate to ensure the effective protection of the marine environment from harmful effects that may arise from deep-seabed-related activities.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: ISA, which has its headquarters in Kingston, Jamaica, came into existence on 16 November 1994, upon the entry into force of UNCLOS. 
• It became fully operational as an autonomous international organisation in June 1996, when it took over the premises and facilities in Kingston, Jamaica, previously used by the United Nations Kingston Office for the Law of the Sea.
• Statement 3 is correct: All States Parties to UNCLOS are ipso facto members of ISA.
• ISA has 169 Members, including 168 Member States and the European Union.
• Statement 4 is correct: The ISA Council has 36 members elected by the Assembly including India.

Ans: A

Exp:

The first gene-edited pig organs ever transplanted into people came from animals born on this special research farm in the Blue Ridge mountains – behind locked gates, where entry requires washing down your vehicle, swapping your clothes for medical scrubs and stepping into tubs of disinfectant to clean your boots between each air-conditioned barn.

About Xenotransplantation:

• • Statement I is correct: Definition: Procedure involving the transplantation, implantation, or infusion of live cells, tissues, or organs from nonhuman animal sources into human recipients.
  • Purpose: Address the significant gap between the demand for organ transplants and the availability of human donor organs.
  • Application: Treatment of various conditions including kidney failure, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes.

• Why Pigs are Preferred for Xenotransplantation:

• • Anatomical and Physiological Similarities: Pig’s parameters closely resemble humans.
  • Cost-effectiveness: Widespread breeding of pigs in farms.
  • Statement II is correct and explains statement I: Organ Size Matching: Availability of various pig breeds allows matching of organ size to human recipients.

Ans: A

Exp: 

A group of senators in Liberia, situated along the coast of western Africa, has proposed to relocate the country’s capital city Monrovia due to recurring flash floods.

Row 1 is correctly matched: In 2005, Myanmar’s military rulers executed a decisive shift of the capital, relocating it 320 kilometres (200 miles) northward from Rangoon (Yangon) to Naypyidaw.

Row 2 is incorrectly matched: Astana, a planned city, made the capital city of Kazakhstan in 1997, supplanted Almaty, which remains the country’s commercial and demographic centre. Astana was renamed to Nur Sultan.

Row 3 is incorrectly matched: Liberia is planning to relocate the country’s capital city Monrovia due to recurring flash floods.

Ans: C

Exp:

Armenia reportedly wants to acquire the Pralay to counter the capability acquired by Azerbaijan through the purchase of LORA (Long Range Artillery) ballistic missiles developed by Israel Aerospace Industries.

About Pralay Missile: 

• Statement 1 is correct: Pralay is India’s first indigenously developed conventional surface-to-surface quasi-ballistic missile.
  • A quasi-ballistic missile has a low trajectory, and while it is largely ballistic, it can manoeuvre in flight. The flight path of a ballistic missile is predictable, based on its trajectory at the time of rocket motor burnout. A quasi-ballistic missile switches from a ballistic to a flat trajectory following launch.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: It is powered by a solid propellant rocket motor.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: The Pralay never leaves the atmosphere and follows a flat trajectory. 
  • The missile navigates to its target using inertial guidance. It can be controlled throughout its flight.
• Statement 4 is correct: It is a mobile canister-based surface-to-surface SRBM (Short-Range Ballistic Missile) with a range of 150-500 km. It was developed from the Prithvi AD missile of DRDO’s BMD system.
• It weighs 5t, with the propellant weight being nearly 3t.
• The missile can feature different types of warheads, including PF (Pre-fragmented), Monolithic PCB (Penetration cum blast), and Submunition PCB.