Ans: A

Exp:

The  Regulating Act of 1773  brought about the British government’s involvement in Indian affairs in the effort to control and regulate the functioning of the East India Company. It recognised that the Company’s role in India extended beyond mere trade to administrative and political fields, and introduced the element of centralised administration. But there were many flaws in the Act which created many problems which were amended by an Act in 1781 :

• The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court was defined—within Calcutta, it was to administer the personal law of the defendant. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• The servants of the government were immune if they did anything while discharging their duties. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.
•  Social and religious usages of the subjects were to be honoured. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.

Ans: D

Exp:

Charter act of 1833 also known  as St. Helena Act closed down the commercial activities of the company. Some of the important provisions of the Act are : 

•  The Company’s monopoly over trade with China and in tea was abolished by the Charter Act of 1833. It was the Charter act of 1813 that ended the company’s monopoly over trade except for trade with China and in tea. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
• A law member was added to the governor general’s council for professional advice on law-making. He was made a full time member in the 1853 act. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.
• Indian laws were to be codified and consolidated.
• No Indian citizen was to be denied employment under the Company on the basis of religion, colour, birth, descent, etc.
• It tried to open civil services for competition but it was done only in the 1853 Act. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect.
• Christian missionaries were permitted to come to India and preach their religion in the Charter Act of 1813. Hence, Statement 4 is incorrect.

Ans: B

Exp: 

Statement 1 is correct: Cornwallis (governor general, 1786–93) was the first governor-general to bring into existence and organise the civil services. He tried to check corruption through: 

• Increment of  civil servants’ salary;
• Strict enforcement of rules against private trade.

Statement 2 is incorrect: In 1800, Wellesley (governor general, 1798–1805) set up the Fort William College for training of new recruits and not Lord Reading.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The Charter Act of 1813 included the provision of 1 lakh rupees for the development of English education in the country for the first time and not the Charter act of 1833. 

Statement 4 is correct: In 1878–79, Lytton introduced the Statutory Civil Service consisting of one-sixth of covenanted posts to be filled by Indians of high families through nominations by local governments subject to approval by the Secretary of State and the Viceroy but it was a complete failure and was thus abolished. 

Ans: A

Exp:

Lord Cornwallis is well known for the introduction of Civil Services in India and also for the evolution of Cornwallis code. Some of the significant events during his rule are:

• Third Mysore War (1790–92) and Treaty of Seringapatam (1792). 
• Cornwallis Code (1793) incorporating several judicial reforms, and separation of revenue administration and civil jurisdiction.
• Permanent Settlement of Bengal, 1793.
•  Organisation of Civil Services.
• Cornwallis organised a regular police force to maintain law and order by going back to and modernising the old Indian system of thanas in a district under a daroga and a superintendent of police (SP) at the head of a district. He relieved the zamindars of their police duties.

Ans: B

Exp:

There were three kinds of revenue settlements introduced by the East India Company which covered different areas under the control British colonial government

Statement 1 is not correct:The Ryotwari System covered about 51 per cent of the area under British rule comprising parts of the Bombay and Madras Presidencies, Assam, and certain other parts of British India. The Mahalwari Settlement, was introduced in about 30 per cent of the total area under British rule i.e., in major parts of the North Western Province. Permanent Settlement covered 19% of the area under the control of the East India Company.

Statement 2 is correct:The new systems gave rise to absentee landlordism as the practice of subletting revenue collection rights started. 

Statement 3 is incorrect: The British land revenue systems exposed the Indian peasantry to the exploitations of the moneylenders and the middlemen. The government demand of revenues was arbitrarily high. In such a situation, the landlords delegated the collection of revenue to middlemen who squeezed high sums from the peasants.

Statement 4 is incorrect: Various types of revenue settlement gave rise to a new form of private ownership of land in which the benefit of the innovation did not reach the cultivators.