Answer

India is witnessing a growing nutrition paradox where undernutrition and obesity coexist among adolescents. Rapid lifestyle changes, processed food consumption, and poor dietary awareness have worsened this dual burden. 

Reason behind paradox of co-existence of undernutrition and obesity 

• Dual Burden of Malnutrition: Adolescents in India are simultaneously experiencing undernutrition (stunting, micronutrient deficiencies) and rising obesity, reflecting uneven access to nutrition and lifestyle changes.
• Poor Food Quality Despite Caloric Intake: Many adolescents consume calorie-dense but nutrient-poor diets (e.g., processed snacks, sugary drinks), leading to obesity without adequate essential nutrients.
• Aggressive Marketing and Food Environment:
  Children and teens are exposed to advertisements and availability of unhealthy foods, reducing their intake of traditional, balanced diets.
• Lack of Nutrition Literacy and Policy Gaps:
  Adolescents lack knowledge about healthy eating, and policy efforts often focus on either undernutrition or obesity, not both together.
  

Multidimensional aspects of challenge of Obesity and Under-nutrition

Comprehensive Policy Framework to Address the Adolescent Nutrition Crisis

• Regulatory Measures
• • Front-of-Pack Labelling: Enforce clear and mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labels to help consumers make informed food choices.
    Example: Supreme Court directive (2024): Government given a 3-month window to implement transparent labelling.
  • Advertising Restrictions: Ban misleading ads targeting children, especially on digital platforms and in schools.
• Educational and Behavioural Interventions
  • School-Based Nutrition Education: Integrate nutrition awareness and food literacy into school curricula under Health and Wellness programmes.
    Example: Promote physical activity, school gardens, and balanced mid-day meals.
  • Empowering Adolescents: Enable platforms for youth participation in shaping food policies and choices.
    Example: Poshan Pakhwada 2024 began this shift with adolescent-focused campaigns.
• Inter-Ministerial Coordination
  • Unified National Strategy: Strengthen frameworks like Poshan Abhiyaan to facilitate collaboration among WCD, Health, Education, Agriculture, Consumer Affairs, and Industry.
  • Data-Driven Planning: Update nutritional databases regularly (e.g., via NFHS & CNNS) to track trends and adjust interventions in real-time.

A holistic response to India’s nutrition paradox must go beyond fragmented interventions. A comprehensive, inter-ministerial approach integrating education, regulation, and targeted welfare is essential to promoting  long-term behavioural change, ensure equitable food access, and build a healthier, nutritionally secure generation.