Option (b) is correct

Explanation:

• The Supreme Court refused to entertain the PIL for the inauguration of a new Parliament by the President.
• Statement 1 is not correct: The concept of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) originated and developed in the USA in the 1960s. 
• Statement 2 is correct: In India, the PIL is a product of the judicial activism role of the Supreme Court. Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer and Justice P.N. Bhagwati were the pioneers of the concept of PIL.
• Statement 3 is correct:The following matters are not entertained as PIL:
  • Landlord–tenant matters 
  • Service matter and those pertaining to pension and gratuity

Option (d) is correct

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct:  Joint Malnutrition Estimates (JME) is released by UNICEF, WHO and the World Bank.
• Statement 2 is correct: Stunting among children under five years in India dropped from a prevalence rate of 41.6% in 2012 to 31.7% in 2022 — with the numbers dropping from 52 lakh to 36 lakh. 
• The decline in stunting in India is commensurate with National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 (2019-2021) data which estimated its prevalence at 35.5% as compared to 38% in NFHS-4 (2016) and 48% in NFHS-3 (2006).
• Globally, stunting declined from a prevalence rate of 26.3% in 2012 to 22.3% in 2022. In South Asia, the decline was much sharper as it dropped from 40.3% to 30.5%.

Option (a) is correct

Explanation:

REWARD Program:

• Recently, the Secretary, Department of Land Resources (DoLR), Government of India (GoI) reviewed the Implementation Support Mission of World Bank Assisted Rejuvenating Watersheds for Agricultural Resilience through Innovative Development (REWARD) program.
• It is being implemented from 2021 to 2026.
• Objective:  To “Strengthen capacities of National and State institutions to adopt improved watershed management for increasing farmers’ resilience and support value chains in selected watersheds of participating States-Karnataka and Odisha. ”

Option (b) is correct

Explanation:

• Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) is an independent regional navigation satellite system designed to provide position information in the Indian region.
• Statement 1 is correct: NAVIC consists of a constellation of three geostationary, four geosynchronous and two on-standby satellites.
• Statement 3 is correct: NAVIC will facilitate accurate real-time positioning and timing services over India and the region around it extending to 1,500 km.
• Statement 2 is not correct: 
  • Applications of NAVIC
    • Terrestrial, aerial and marine navigation
    • Disaster management
    • Vehicle tracking and fleet management
    • Integration with mobile phones
    • Precise timing, mapping and geodetic data capture

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bite of an infected Aedes species (Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus) mosquito.
  • Dengue is caused by one of any of four related viruses: Dengue virus 1, 2, 3, and 4.  For this reason, people can be infected with dengue multiple times in their life.
  • The mosquitoes that spread dengue are found in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including many parts of the United States.
• Statement 2 is correct: There is no specific treatment for dengue/severe dengue, and early detection and access to proper medical care greatly lower fatality rates of severe dengue.
• Statement 3 is correct: The dengue vaccine CYD-TDV or Dengvaxia was approved by the US Food & Drug Administration in 2019, the first dengue vaccine to get the regulatory nod in the US.

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• To mark the inauguration of the new Parliament building, Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a commemorative coin of Rs 75 denomination.
• Statement 1 is correct: India has been issuing commemorative coins since the 1960s for several reasons such as paying homage to notable personalities, spreading awareness about government schemes, or remembering key historic events.
  • The country released its first commemorative coin in 1964 in honour of Jawaharlal Nehru, who had passed away that year.

• Statement 2 is correct: The Coinage Act, 2011 gives the central government the power to design and mint coins in various denominations. 
  • In the case of coins, the role of the RBI is limited to the distribution of coins that are supplied by the central government.