Ans: A

Exp:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: In 1851, both the Landholders’ Society and the Bengal British India Society merged into the British Indian Association (not the Indian National Association). Younger nationalists in Bengal, led by Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose, were dissatisfied with the British Indian Association’s conservative and pro-landlord policies, so they founded the Indian Association of Calcutta (also known as the Indian National Association), which succeeded the Indian League.
• Statement 2 is correct: The Association demanded the simultaneous holding of civil service examinations in England and India and the Indianization of higher administrative posts. It also led a campaign against the repressive Arms Act and the Vernacular Press Act.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: The goal of the Indian National Association was to create strong public opinion on political questions and unify Indian people in a common political programme. The organisation was discontented with the conservative and pro-landlord policies of the British Indian Association.

Ans: D

Exp:

The Factors responsible for the growth of modern nationalism in India were as follows:

• Political, administrative and economic unification of the country – A professional civil service, a unified judiciary, codified civil and criminal laws, and advancements in transportation and communication such as railways, roads, electricity, and telegraph created an environment for the exchange of political ideas as well as the mobilisation and organisation of public opinion on political and economic issues.
• Role of press and literature –The vernacular newspapers, journals, pamphlets, and nationalist literature helped in the exchange of political ideas among nationalist leaders from different regions.
• Rediscovery of India’s past- The historical research by European scholars, such as Max Mueller, Monier Williams, and by Indian scholars such as R.G. Bhandarkar, R.L. Mitra, etc. gave a psychological boost to the educated Indians.
• Rise of the middle class intelligentsia – The English educated class formed the middle class intelligentsia, which constituted the nucleus for the newly arising political unrest. It was this section that provided leadership to the Indian political associations.
• Impact of contemporary movements worldwide Reactionary policies and racial arrogance of rulers- The rise of a number of nations on the ruins of the Spanish and Portuguese empires in South America and the national liberation movements of Greece and Italy in general and of Ireland in particular deeply influenced the nationalist ranks.

Reference: Chapter 10, Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India, Spectrum.

Ans: D

Exp:

The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded in 1867 by Mahadeo Govind Ranade and others, with the object of serving as a bridge between the government and the people.

The Bombay Presidency Association was started by Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozshah Mehta, and K.T. Telang in 1885. 

The Madras Mahajan Sabha was founded in 1884 by M. Viraraghavachari, B. Subramaniya Aiyer, and P. Anandacharlu. 

Reference: Chapter 10, Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India, Spectrum.

Ans: D     

Exp:

• Leaders of the Indian freedom struggle are classified as Moderates and extremists based on their beliefs, ideologies, and their methods. Moderates (1885-1905) believed in Liberalism and Moderate Politics. However, The Extremist leaders firmly believed that the British had no interest in the Indian people. 
• Options 1, 2, and 3 are correct: Some leading Moderates were A.O. Hume, W.C. Banerjee, Surendranath Banerjee, Pherozeshah Mehta, Gopalakrishna Gokhale,, Badruddin Tyabji, Justice Ranade, and G. Subramanyaa Aiyar.
• Option 4 is incorrect: Some leading Extremists were Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh.

Reference : Spectrum CHAPTER 11 Indian National Congress: Foundation and the Moderate Phase

Ans: A      

Exp:    

• Statement 1 is correct: Moderates believed in Liberalism and Moderate Politics. They believed that the British rulers were merely unaware of the plight of the Indian masses and that once they were made aware, the British authorities would do their utmost to improve the lives of the local populace.  The major reason behind the rise of Extremists (1905-1920) was their frustration with the politics of Moderates. The Extremist leaders firmly believed that the British had no interest in the issues of  Indian people. 
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Moderates limited their struggle to constitutional means. Extremists often used extra-constitutional methods during their activities. 

Reference : Spectrum CHAPTER 11 Indian National Congress: Foundation and the Moderate Phase