Answer: 

Introduction:

Micro-watershed development refers to the holistic approach of managing small-scale watersheds to promote sustainable land and water resource management. It involves implementing conservation measures, land use planning, and community participation for improved water availability and soil conservation.

Body:

Micro-watershed development project role in water conservation in drought prone and semi-arid regions:

• Soil and Water Conservation: Micro-watershed development projects focus on soil and water conservation through measures such as contour bunding, check dams, and water harvesting structures. This helps in reducing soil erosion and increasing water retention in the soil.
• Rainwater Harvesting: These projects promote rainwater harvesting, which helps to recharge groundwater levels and increase water availability during the dry season.
• Sustainable Agriculture: Micro-watershed development projects also promote sustainable agricultural practices that conserve water and reduce water use, such as crop diversification, organic farming, and efficient irrigation methods.
• Community Participation: These projects involve local communities in the planning and implementation process, creating a sense of ownership and promoting sustainability.
• Livelihood Improvement: The projects provide livelihood opportunities through the development of alternative income-generating activities such as horticulture, forestry, and livestock rearing, which are less water-intensive.

Conclusion:

Micro-watershed development projects have proven to be effective in conserving water resources in drought-prone and semi-arid regions of India. The projects have helped to improve soil health, increase groundwater recharge, and provide an additional source of water for irrigation and domestic use. The success of these projects depends on proper planning, community participation, and sustainable management practices.