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March 27, 2024 1006 0
Citizenship in India is regulated by Part II of the Constitution, encompassing Articles 5 to 11. These articles delineate the criteria for acquiring Indian citizenship at the time of the commencement of the Constitution and subsequently through naturalization, registration, or descent. They also outline provisions for citizenship rights and renunciation. The Citizenship Act of 1955 further elaborates on these constitutional provisions, providing the legal framework for citizenship matters in India.
Exclusive Rights of the Citizens
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Important Points to Note
Constitutional Provisions Related to Citizenship
Article | Matter |
Article: 5 |
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Article: 6 |
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Article: 7 |
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Article: 8 |
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Article: 9 |
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Article: 10 |
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Article: 11 |
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Acquisition Of Citizenship
By Birth | A person born in India –
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By Descent | A person born outside India –
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By Registration | The Central Government may, on an application, register as a citizen of India any person (not being an illegal migrant) if he fulfills certain conditions, and such persons must take an oath of allegiance before they are registered as citizens of India. |
By Naturalization | The Central Government may, on an application, grant a certificate of naturalization to any person (not being an illegal migrant) if he possesses certain qualifications. |
By Incorporation of Territory | If any foreign territory becomes a part of India, the Government of India specifies the persons who among the people of the territory shall be the citizens of India. Such persons become citizens of India from the notified date. |
Loss Of Citizenship
The Citizenship Act (1955) prescribes three ways, whether acquired under the Act or prior to it under the Constitution:
By Renunciation: Any citizen of India of full age and capacity can make a declaration renouncing his Indian citizenship.
By Termination:
By Deprivation:
SINGLE CITIZENSHIP
Article 15: States can provide special benefits or give preference to their residents in matters that do not come within the purview of the rights given by the constitution to Indian citizens. E.g. a state may offer concession in fees for education to its residents.
Article 16: The parliament can prescribe residence within a state or union territory as a condition for certain employment or appointments in that state or Union territory. Article 19: Freedom of movement and residence is subjected to the protection of interests of any Schedule tribe. (The right of outsiders to enter, reside and settle in tribal areas is restricted to protect the distinctive culture, language, customs, etc.) |
Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019
NRI, PIO, and OCI Cardholder |
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Non-Resident Indian (NRI) | Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) | Overseas citizens of India (OCI) Cardholder |
An Indian citizen who is ordinarily residing outside India and holds an Indian Passport. | A person who or whose ancestors were of Indian nationality and who is presently holding another country’s citizenship/ nationality i.e. he/she is holding a foreign passport. | A Person registered as an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) Cardholder under the Citizenship Act, 1955. |
All benefits are available to Indian citizens subject to notifications issued by the Government from time to time. | No specific benefits. |
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No Visa is required. | Visa required. | Can visit India without a Visa for life long. |
Not required to register with the local police authorities in India. | Yes, if the period of stay is for more than 180 days. | Not required to register with the local police authorities in India. |
All Activities can be undertaken. | Activities as per the type of visa obtained. | All activities except research work for which special permission is required from the Indian Mission/Post/ FRRO concerned. |
He/she is an Indian citizen. | As per the Citizenship Act, 1955, he/she has to be ordinarily resident in India for a period of 7 years before making an application for registration. | As per the Citizenship Act, 1955, a person registered as an OCI cardholder for 5 years and who is ordinarily resident in India for twelve months before making an application for registration is eligible for a grant of Indian citizenship. |
Cancellation of registration of OCI cardholders |
The Act provides that the central government may cancel the registration of OCIs on certain grounds. These include:
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Must Read | |
NCERT Notes For UPSC | UPSC Daily Current Affairs |
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Conclusion
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