Explore the comprehensive list and functions of Biosphere Reserves in India. Click to download the biosphere reserves in India upsc pdf, here.
Biosphere Reserves in India is an international designation by UNESCO ( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) for representative parts of natural and cultural landscapes extending over a large area of terrestrial or coastal/marine ecosystems or a combination of both.
The area which has been designated as Biosphere reserves are demarcated into following 3 interrelated zones:
India’s biosphere reserves stand as testament to the nation’s commitment to conserving its ecological heritage while fostering sustainable development. These areas provide a platform for research, education, and the coexistence of humans and nature. By recognizing the delicate balance between ecological conservation and human needs, these reserves showcase the potential for harmonious interaction between people and the environment.
Man and Biosphere (MAB)
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Biosphere Reserves In India: Map
Year | Name | State | Type | Key fauna | Area (km2) |
1986 | Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve | Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala | Western Ghats | Nilgiri tahr, tiger, lion-tailed macaque | 5520 |
1988 | Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve | Uttarakhand | Western Himalayas | Snow leopard, Himalayan black bear | 5860 |
1988 | Nokrek | Meghalaya | Eastern hills | Red panda | 820 |
1989 | Gulf of Mannar | Tamil Nadu | Coasts | Dugong | 10500 |
1989 | Sundarbans | West Bengal | Gangetic Delta | Royal Bengal tiger | 9630 |
1989 | Manas | Assam | Eastern Hills | Asiatic elephant, tiger, Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur, pygmy hog | 2837 |
1989 | Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Islands | Saltwater crocodile | 885 |
1994 | Simlipal | Odisha | Deccan Peninsula | Gaur, royal Bengal tiger, Asian elephant | 4374 |
1998 | Dihang-Dibang | Arunachal Pradesh | Eastern Himalaya | Mishmi takin, musk deer | 5112 |
1997 | Dibru-Saikhowa | Assam | Eastern Hills | White-winged wood duck, water buffalo, black-breasted parrotbill, tiger, capped langur | 765 |
1999 | Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve | Madhya Pradesh | Semi-Arid | Giant squirrel, flying squirrel | 4981.72 |
2000 | Khangchendzonga National Park | Sikkim | East Himalayas | Snow leopard, red panda | 2620 |
2001 | Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve | Kerala, Tamil Nadu | Western Ghats | Nilgiri tahr, Asian elephant | 3500.08 |
2005 | Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve | Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh | Maikal Hills | Four-horned antelope, Indian wild dog, sarus crane, white-rumped vulture, sacred grove bush frog | 3835 |
2008 | Great Rann of Kutch | Gujarat | Desert | Indian wild ass | 12454 |
2009 | Cold Desert | Himachal Pradesh | Western Himalayas | Snow leopard | 7770 |
2010 | Seshachalam Hills | Andhra Pradesh | Eastern Hills | Slender loris | 4755.997 |
2011 | Panna | Madhya Pradesh | Moist deciduous forest | Bengal tiger, Chinkara, Nilgai, Sambhar sambar deer, and Sloth bear | 2998.98 |
Name | States/ UT | Year |
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve | Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka | 2000 |
Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve | Tamil Nadu | 2001 |
Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve | West Bengal | 2001 |
Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve | Uttarakhand | 2004 |
Nokrek Biosphere Reserve | Meghalaya | 2009 |
Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve | Madhya Pradesh | 2009 |
Simlipal Biosphere Reserve | Odisha | 2009 |
Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve | Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 2013 |
Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve | Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh | 2012 |
Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve | Kerala and Tamil Nadu | 2016 |
Khangchendzonga National Park | Sikkim | 2018 |
Panna Biosphere Reserve | Madhya Pradesh | 2020 |
The Biosphere Reserves in India play a crucial role in various aspects of conservation and development:
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Biosphere reserves are areas that are recognized to promote conservation and sustainable use of natural resources these areas can be on land or on water. Biosphere reserves are established to create a balance between the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of natural resources.
No not at all National parks are protected areas set aside primarily for the conservation of natural landscapes, wildlife, and ecosystems. On the other hand Biosphere reserves promote not only conservation but also sustainable use of natural resources and the integration of local communities.
The first biosphere reserve in India is the Nilgiri Biosphere established in 1986 located in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka.
The largest biosphere reserve in India is the The Gulf of Kachchh Biosphere Reserve located in Gujarat.
Dibru Saikhowa in Assam is the smallest biosphere reserve in India.
There are a total of 18 Biosphere Reserves in India.
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was included in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 2000.
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