Chandipura virus (Chandipura vesiculovirus) is a relatively rare and lesser-known virus that belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family. It was first found in Chandipura, a village in Maharashtra, India, in 1965. The virus primarily affects children and is known to cause encephalitic illness, which can be severe and sometimes fatal. Keep on reading to know everything about the Chandipura virus, its causes, symptoms, and history.

What is Chandipura Virus?

Chandipura Virus, also known as Chandipura vesiculovirus, (CHPV) is a Rhabdoviridae family member. It was first identified in 1965 after being isolated from sandflies in India and West Africa. It is likely spread through the bite of infected sandflies. The virus has been associated with multiple unexplained outbreaks of encephalitic illness in central India. The virus’s presence in Africa indicates widespread distribution, with no observed human cases outside India.

In June–August 2003, 329 children were affected and 183 died in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra states of India. Additional sporadic cases and deaths in children were observed in Gujarat state in 2004. 

In the last five days, six children in Gujarat’s Aravalli district are suspected to have died from the Chandipura virus, with the total number of suspected cases now at 12.

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Chandipura Virus Symptoms

The symptoms of Chandipura virus infection can progress rapidly, making early diagnosis and treatment crucial. Key symptoms include:

Fever: The sudden onset of high fever is one of the initial signs.

Headache: Intense headaches often accompany the fever.

Vomiting: Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms.

Convulsions: Seizures or convulsions can occur, especially in severe cases.

Altered Mental Status: Confusion, irritability, or altered consciousness can be observed.

Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain, leading to severe neurological symptoms.

How Does Chandipura Virus Disease Spread?

The Chandipura virus is mainly spread through the bite of infected sandflies, specifically from the genus Phlebotomus. The exact methods of transmission are not fully understood. The primary mode of transmission of the virus is through sandfly and mosquito bites. Certain animal species may serve as reservoirs for the virus, although this is still being investigated. Outbreaks have been associated with specific environmental conditions that favor the breeding of sandflies.

Chandipura virus disease is primarily transmitted through the bite of sandflies, specifically Phlebotomus species. The disease mainly affects children between the ages of 2 and 16 years. It is characterized by rapid onset and progression, often leading to severe neurological complications. Early detection and supportive care are essential to manage the symptoms and improve outcomes.

Chandipura Virus Disease Treatment

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for Chandipura virus infection. Management prioritizes providing supportive care to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

• Hospitalization: Patients, particularly children with severe symptoms, often need to be hospitalized.
• Hydration: Maintaining proper hydration is essential, especially in cases of severe vomiting.
• Antipyretics: Medications are used to reduce fever.
• Anticonvulsants: These are administered to manage seizures.
• Intensive Care: For severe neurological symptoms, intensive care may be required to manage respiratory and neurological complications.

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Preventive Measures for Chandipura Virus

The Chandipura virus, though rare, poses a significant health risk, particularly to children. Awareness of its symptoms and early intervention can help mitigate the impact of this potentially severe disease. Given the severity and rapid progression of Chandipura virus disease, preventive measures are critical:

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