Artificial Reef (AR) | PWOnlyIAS 2023

23 Sep 2023

Context: The Department of Fisheries has sanctioned 732 artificial reef units for 10 coastal states with a total investment of Rs 126 crore under  Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) for rejuvenating coastal fisheries.

About Artificial Reefs: 

  • They are engineering technology interventions used to rehabilitate and/or improve natural habitats, increase productivity and manage aquatic resources including habitat enhancement (FAO, 2015). 

Advantages of Artificial Reef (AR):

  • Similar to natural reefs, ARs are used for aggregating fish and provide a home for fish to live and grow, reduce wave damage on coasts, help regeneration of marine ecosystems and act as a carbon sink. 
  • As per CMFRI (Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute), a two to three-fold increase in catch rates and efficiency can be realized. Thus saving fuel and energy costs leading to increased income of fishermen.
  • It Provides a firm substrate for marine life such as corals, algae and plankton to attach to and grow.
  • They provide favorable conditions for sea ranching and serve as  spawning and nursery grounds for fish.
  • Enhance recreational fisheries, snorkeling, eco-tourism, creating suitable areas for diving and reducing conflicts.
  • AR structures restrict bottom trawling in the near shore areas thus helping the marine environment to regenerate and small-scale fishers get higher catch
  • One AR of 300m3 is expected to support 25-30 non-mechanized boats (CMFRI).
Natural Reef:

The coral reef is the most familiar type of natural reef. 

  • A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. 
  • Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. 
  • It is one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth, supporting a wide variety of marine life. 
  • They are also incredibly important to humans, providing coastal protection, food, and income from tourism and fisheries.

Despite the positives of building artificial reefs, we must preserve natural reefs.

Source: PIB

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