How it works:

• AlphaMissense takes the DNA sequence of a gene and the amino acid sequence of the protein that it encodes. AlphaMissense uses AlphaFold to predict the 3D structure of the protein.
• AlphaMissense then identifies mutations that are likely to disrupt the protein’s structure and then uses its knowledge of protein structure and mutations to predict whether each mutation is likely to be harmful or benign.
• It is still under development.

Potential benefits of AlphaMissense:

• It can:
  • help researchers to identify the genetic causes of rare diseases.
  • help doctors to diagnose genetic diseases more accurately and quickly.
  • help to develop new treatments for genetic diseases.
  • help to improve our understanding of human biology.

• AlphaFold is a revolutionary AI system that can predict the 3D structure of proteins with unprecedented speed and accuracy. 
• This has the potential to revolutionize the way we diagnose and treat disease, develop new medicines, and understand how life works.

Government Bonds:

• Government Bonds India, fall under the broad category of government securities (G-Sec) and are primarily long term investment tools issued for periods ranging from 5 to 40 years. 
• It can be issued by both Central and State governments of India. Government bonds issued by State Governments are also called State Development Loans (SDLs)

• Endowed by the Rockefeller Foundation, the award is given to exceptional scientists under 40 and someone who works in the field of food and nutrition security, hunger eradication.
• It is Present in memory of the Nobel awardee and Green Revolution’s chief architect Dr Norman Borlaug.

Contribution: 

• She has so far organised more than 10,000 extensive on-farm trials for more than 500 rice varieties, working with thousands of smallholder farmers across diverse ecosystems in Asia and Africa
• In Odisha, Nayak and her team formulated a strategy for introducing the drought-tolerant rice variety ‘Shahabhagi Dhan’ which remains an integral part of every farm family’s diet and crop rotation.

About Privilege Committee:

• Mandate:  To examine every question involving breach of privilege of the House or of the Members of any Committee thereof referred to it by the House or by the Speaker.
• Lok Sabha: It  consists of 15 Members nominated by the Speaker. 
• Rajya Sabha: It consists of 10 members and is nominated by the Chairman of Rajya Sabha. In the Rajya Sabha, the deputy chairperson heads the committee of privilege.

Parliamentary Privileges:

• Parliamentary privileges are special rights, immunities and exemptions enjoyed by the two Houses of Parliament, their committees and their members.
• Article 105 of the Constitution expressly mentions two privileges, that is, freedom of speech in Parliament and right of publication of its proceedings.

Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (NMBA): 

• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
• Objective: to promote a sense of responsibility in tackling substance abuse and promote a healthy, productive society.