Bacterial Pathogens Priority List

20 May 2024

Context

The latest Bacterial Pathogens Priority List (BPPL) updated by the World Health Organization (WHO) highlights critical priority pathogens as significant global threats.

WHO updates Bacterial Pathogens Priority List

  • The list features 15 families of antibiotic-resistant bacteria grouped into critical, high and medium categories for prioritization.
  • WHO highlighted salmonella, shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus as high-burden pathogens in low- and middle-income countries, posing significant healthcare challenges.
  • High-priority pathogens like antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Enterococcus faecium pose unique public health challenges.

About Bacterial Pathogens Priority List

  • About: The list serves as a new mechanism to prompt research and development that addresses pressing public health needs. 
    • Divided into three tiers—critical, high, and medium priority—the WHO list aims to guide resource allocation accordingly.

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Priorities  List of Pathogen
Priority 1: Critical 
  • Acinetobacterbaumannii, carbapenem-resistant
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant
  • Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant, ESBL-producing
Priority 2: High
  • Enterococcus faecium, vancomycin-resistant
  • Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate and resistant
  • Helicobacter pylori, clarithromycin-resistant
  • Campylobacter spp., fluoroquinolone-resistant
  • Salmonellae, fluoroquinolone-resistant
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae, cephalosporin-resistant, fluoroquinolone-resistant
Priority 3: Medium
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin-non-susceptible
  • Haemophilusinfluenzae, ampicillin-resistant
  • Shigella spp., fluoroquinolone-resistant

 

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR);

  • About: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) arises when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites lose their sensitivity to antimicrobial medications. 
    • Antimicrobials, encompassing antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, are medications utilized to prevent and manage infectious ailments in humans, animals, and plants.
  • Challenges: Due to drug resistance, antibiotics and other antimicrobial medications lose their efficacy, rendering infections challenging or even impossible to treat. 
    • This escalation raises the likelihood of disease transmission, severe illness, disability, and mortality.
  • Causes: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs as a natural process over time due to genetic changes in pathogens. 
    • However, human activities, particularly the inappropriate use and excessive consumption of antimicrobials for treating, preventing, or managing infections in humans, animals, and plants, expedite its emergence and dissemination.

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UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
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Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध

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