Baltic Sea

22 Feb 2025

Baltic Sea

Recently, Swedish police have been investigating the suspected sabotage of an undersea telecoms cable in the Baltic Sea, connecting Germany and Finland.

About Baltic Sea

  • Location: A semi-enclosed inland sea in Northern Europe, forming an arm of the North Atlantic Ocean.
  • Extension: Stretches from southern Denmark to the Arctic Circle.
  • Role: Separates the Scandinavian Peninsula (comprising Sweden, Norway, and northwestern Finland) from the rest of continental Europe.
  • Connectivity
    • Atlantic Ocean: Connected through the Danish Straits.
    • White Sea: Connected via the White Sea Canal.
    • North Sea: Connected to the German Bight through the Kiel Canal.
  • Baltic SeaGeographical Features
    • Gulfs: The Baltic Sea contains three major gulfs:
      • Gulf of Bothnia; Gulf of Finland; Gulf of Riga.
    • Brackish Water: The Baltic Sea is often cited as the world’s largest brackish inland water body.
      • It has lower salinity due to:
        • Inflow of freshwater from surrounding land.
        • Its shallowness.
      • Over 250 rivers and streams empty into the sea, with the Neva River being the largest.
  • Climate: Influenced by the Northern Hemisphere’s atmospheric circulation system (North Atlantic Oscillation system).
    • Characterized by seasonal variations due to its geographical location, land-sea contrast, and topography. 
    • Two main types of climate
      • Southern part experiences a marine west coast climate.
      • Northern and middle regions experience temperate climates.
  • Islands: Over 20 islands and archipelagos.
    • Largest Island: Gotland, located off the coast of Sweden.
  • Surrounding Countries: Bordered by nine countries:
    • Denmark, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Russia, Finland, & Sweden
    • Baltic States: A group of independent countries bordering the Baltic Sea—Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia.

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