Dengue Cases Surge

Dengue cases are rising globally, with Brazil and South America experiencing record highs. 

year-on-year.

About Dengue

• Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes.
• About half of the world’s population is now at risk of dengue with an estimated 100–400 million infections occurring each year.
• Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas.
• While many dengue infections are asymptomatic or produce only mild illness, the virus can occasionally cause more severe cases, and even death.
• Prevention and control of dengue depend on vector control. 
• There is no specific treatment for dengue/severe dengue.
• Early detection and access to proper medical care greatly lower fatality rates of severe dengue.
• Caused by: Dengue virus (Genus Flavivirus), 
• Transmitted by: Several species of female mosquito within the genus Aedes principally Aedes aegypti.
  • This mosquito also transmits chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika infection.
• 4 distinct serotypes (separate groups within a species of microorganisms that all share a similar characteristic) of the virus that cause dengue : DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4.

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Global Burden of Dengue

• Dengue cases have surged globally, with over 6.5 million cases reported in 2023, surpassing the previous record of 5.2 million in 2019.
• In 2024 (till August) it reached an all time high with 12.06 Million reported cases and 6990 deaths.
• Many cases remain unreported or misdiagnosed, highlighting the true extent of the dengue burden.

Reason for Surge in Dengue Cases

• Urbanisation: Increased Population Density, Expansion of Cities & Human Movement
• Climate Change : Warmer temperatures and altered rainfall patterns.
• Increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather.
• Changing climate allows Aedes mosquitoes to expand their range.

Vaccines for Dengue

• Dengvaxia: It is a Live recombinant tetravalent vaccine recommended for ages 9–45 or 9–60 years, depending on the country. 
  • Safe for those with prior dengue infection and has shown around 80% efficacy.
• Qgenda: It is a Live-attenuated vaccine recommended for ages 6–16 in high transmission areas.
  • Two-dose series to be administered three months apart.
• Till Now there is no Dengue vaccine available in India.

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