Recently, the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2024 has been released. 

What is multidimensional Poverty?

• Multidimensional poverty refers to poverty that goes beyond income levels. It includes various deprivations that people face in their daily lives, affecting their well-being.
• Key Dimensions:
• Multidimensional poverty is measured across different non-income-based dimensions, such as:
  • Health: Child mortality, malnutrition
  • Education: Years of schooling, school attendance
  • Living Standards: Access to clean water, sanitation, electricity, cooking fuel, housing quality, and ownership of basic assets
• Measurement: A person is considered multidimensionally poor if they are deprived in one-third or more of the weighted indicators in the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) 
  • The MPI assesses poverty at the individual level. 

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About Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 

• It is an international resource that measures acute multidimensional poverty across over 100 developing countries.
• Launch Date: 2010 
• Published by:  The Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the Human Development Report Office of the UNDP.
• Criteria for MPI : Global MPI covers three areas: health, education and standard of living. 
  • Health:  Nutrition and Child & Adolescent Mortality indicators.
  • Education: Years of Schooling and School Attendance indicators 
  • Standard of Living: housing, household assets, type of Cooking Fuel, access to Sanitation, Drinking water and Electricity

Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2024 – Key Insights

• Acute Poverty: Over 1.1 billion people are living in acute poverty globally.
• Countries with Highest Poverty:
  • • India: 234 million people
    • Pakistan: 93 million people
    • Ethiopia: 86 million people
    • Nigeria: 74 million people
    • Democratic Republic of the Congo: 66 million people
  • These five countries account for 48.1% of the global poor.
• Child Poverty
  • Under 18: Approximately 584 million children are living in extreme poverty, making up 27.9% of all children globally.
  • Adults: 13.5% of adults are living in extreme poverty.
• Regional Distribution
  • Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia: 83.2% of the world’s poorest individuals reside in these regions.
  • Low-Income Countries: Home to 34.8% of all poor people (400 million).
  • Middle-Income Countries: Home to 65.2% of all poor people (749 million).
• Poverty in Conflict Regions
  • Conflict Impact: 2023 saw more conflicts than any time since World War II, displacing over 117 million people.
    • It happened due to violent conflict, disasters or other factors
  • Poverty in Conflict Zones: Nearly 40% (455 million) of the global poor live in conflict-affected regions.
    • Active War Zones: 218 million people.
    • Fragile or Conflict-Affected Areas: 335 million people.
    • Low Peace Contexts: 375 million people.

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NITI Aayog MPI

• The national MPI by NITI Aayog is based on the internationally recognized Alkire Foster methodology.
• Number of indicators: NMPI uses 12 indicators, while global MPI uses 10 indicators.