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Indonesia Merapi Volcano Eruption

December 5, 2023

GS Paper I Geography

Context: Eleven climbers died in Indonesia after the Merapi volcano erupted in West Sumatra, Indonesia.

About Merapi Volcano

  • Merapi is the most active of more than 120 active volcanoes in Indonesia and has repeatedly erupted with lava and gas clouds recently. 
  • Its last major eruption in 2010 killed 347 people and displaced 20,000 villagers
Stratovolcano:

  • Stratovolcano, a volcanic landform characterized by a conical shape formed by layers of volcanic material deposited during successive volcanic eruptions.

The Ring of Fire:

  • The Ring of Fire, also called the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. 
  • It traces boundaries between several tectonic plates—including the Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine Plates.

Indonesia Merapi Volcano Eruption

Subduction Zone:

  • Subduction zone is a collision between two of Earth’s tectonic plates, where one plate sinks into the mantle underneath the other plate


Also Read: Distribution Of Volcanoes

About Mount Merapi:

  • Mount Merapi is a stratovolcano – a tall, conical volcano composed of one layer of hardened lava, tephra (fragmented material produced by a volcanic eruption) and volcanic ash.
  • Characteristics: These volcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions (pyroclastic flows)
    • Pyroclastic flows is a fast-moving current of extremely hot gas and rock, which travels away from the volcano at very high speeds
  • Location: Tectonically, Merapi is situated at the subduction zone where the Indo-Australian Plate is sliding under the Eurasian Plate. 
  • It is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

News Source: Times of India

 

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