Param Rudra Super Computing Systems and New HPC Systems

27 Sep 2024

Prime Minister virtually launched three Param Rudra Supercomputing Systems under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM).

National Supercomputing Mission (NSM)

  • Launch Year: The National Supercomputing Mission was launched in 2015 as a seven Year programme with a total Budget of Rs. 4500 Crore.
  • Goal: to  enhance India’s research capacity by connecting institutions into a supercomputing grid, using the National Knowledge Network (NKN) as the backbone.
    • NKN: A high-speed network connecting academic institutions and R&D labs across India to enable data sharing and collaboration.
  • Implementing Bodies:
    • The mission is jointly steered by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY).
    • C-DAC Pune and IISc Bengaluru are the primary implementing agencies.

PARAM Rudra Supercomputers Deployed in Pune

  • PARAM Rudra Supercomputers are developed indigenously by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM)
  • The 3 supercomputers, developed indigenously at a cost of ₹130 crore, have been deployed in Pune, Delhi, and Kolkata

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Key Feature of PARAM Rudra Supercomputer

  • Exceptional Processing Power:
    • Operates thousands of times faster than conventional computers.
    • Can complete tasks in minutes that would take ordinary computers 500 years.

About Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs)

  • Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are mysterious emissions of radio waves originating from distant galaxies. 
  • These bursts emit as much energy in a millisecond as the sun does over several weeks.

  • Massive Data Processing Capability:
    • Can handle vast amounts of data simultaneously, essential for complex simulations and scientific analysis.
  • Diverse Research Applications:
    • Supports advancements in fields like climate modelling, environmental studies, and astrophysics.
    • Enhances analysis of astronomical events and natural phenomena.

Deployment of Super Computers

  • Giant Metre Radio Telescope (GMRT) in Pune: It will utilize the supercomputer to study Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) and other astronomical phenomena. 
  • Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC) in Delhi: It will advance research in fields such as material science and atomic physics.  S.N. Bose Centre in Kolkata: It will drive advanced research in areas including physics, cosmology, and earth sciences.

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High Performance Computing  

  • HPCs: Designed for specific tasks, often within a company or institution. They offer high processing power but may not be as powerful as supercomputers.
  • Speed Difference: Supercomputers typically operate at petaflop speeds (quadrillions of floating-point operations per second), while HPCs may operate at teraflop speeds (trillions of floating-point operations per second). 
  • This difference in speed is crucial for tasks requiring intensive calculations.
  • Supercomputers focus only on performance whereas HPCs balance performance with efficiency and cost.

About HPC Systems ‘Arka’ and ‘Arunika’

  • The newly launched HPC systems will enable the development of high-resolution models to improve predictions related to:
    • Tropical cyclonesHeavy
    • precipitationThunderstorms
    • Hailstorms
    • Heat waves
    • Droughts and other weather phenomena

Significance

  • Indigenous Development: These supercomputers have been developed indigenously under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) to advance scientific research in India.
  • Self Reliance: This initiative aligns with the Centre’s efforts toward Atma Nirbharta (self-reliance) in supercomputing technology

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Supercomputers

  • Definition: Supercomputers are high-performing mainframe systems capable of solving complex computations by splitting tasks into multiple parts and processing them simultaneously.
  • Measurement of Speed (petaFLOPs): The processing speed of supercomputers is measured in petaFLOPs (floating point operations per second), where one petaFLOP equals a thousand trillion operations per second.
  • Global Supercomputer Rankings:
    • China leads the world in the number of supercomputers, followed by the US, Japan, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, and the UK.
  • India’s Supercomputing Journey:
    • First Supercomputer: India’s first supercomputer was PARAM 8000 developed in 1991.
    • First Indigenously Assembled Supercomputer: PARAM Shivay, installed at IIT (BHU).

Application of Supercomputers in Various Sectors

  • Scientific Research: Complex simulations and modeling,Climate change studies, Drug discovery and development, Particle physics research,etc
  • Engineering and Design: Aerospace engineering simulations, Automotive design and testing, Structural analysis and optimization.
  • Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Training large language models, Deep learning applications, Natural language processing
  • Financial Modelling: Risk assessment and prediction, Portfolio optimization, High-frequency trading, etc
  • National Security: Cryptography and code-breaking, Intelligence analysis and Cybersecurity
  • Weather Forecasting: Accurate weather prediction and Climate modelling
  • Healthcare: Genomics research, Medical image analysis and Drug discovery.

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