The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) recently successfully conducted the hot test known as the Power Head Test Article (PHTA) on a semi-cryogenic engine (SE2000).

About Power Head Test Article (PHTA)

• The Power Head Test Article (PHTA) is a crucial precursor test for the semi-cryogenic engine (SE2000) development.
• It helps validate the integrated performance of key subsystems, including the gas generator, turbo pumps, pre-burner, and control components.
• The test involved a hot firing for 4.5 seconds to assess the engine’s functionality.
• The first successful test follows a previous failed attempt in July 2023 due to a technical issue.
• PHTA plays a key role in the development of ISRO’s next-generation launch vehicles for future space missions.

About Semi-Cryogenic Engine and Its Significance

• A semi-cryogenic engine uses a Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and kerosene (RP-1) combination as propellants.
• It offers higher thrust (2,000 kN) compared to conventional cryogenic engines giving it its name SE2000.
• The use of kerosene makes it more storable, cost-effective, and less complex than fully cryogenic engines.
• It has a higher thrust-to-weight ratio due to the higher density of kerosene, requiring smaller fuel tanks.

Significance of the SE2000

• These engines are suitable for first-stage boosters in heavy-lift launch vehicles, including ISRO’s upcoming Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV).
• The development of semi-cryogenic propulsion systems will enhance India’s capability in cost-effective and efficient space launches.

Difference Between Cryogenic and Semi-Cryogenic Engines