According to the dashboard of the Swachh Bharat Mission’s website, out of the 2,424 dumpsites having more than 1,000 tonnes of legacy waste identified across the country, remediation has been completed in only 470.

About Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)

• Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) is a nationwide initiative launched by the Government of India on October 2, 2014, with the goal of achieving a “Clean India” by 2019, coinciding with the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
• Aim: To eliminate open defecation, improve sanitation, and enhance cleanliness across both rural and urban India. 

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Implementation

• Urban component: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
• Rural component: Ministry of Jal Shakti.

Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) – SBM-U

Phase 1 (2014-2019):

• Objective: Eliminate open defecation, convert unsanitary toilets into pour flush toilets, eradicate manual scavenging, manage solid waste, and bring about behavioural changes regarding sanitation.
• Target:
  • 1.04 crore households covered.
  • Provision of 2.5 lakh community toilets and 2.6 lakh public toilets.
  • Ensure a solid waste management system in each town.
• Community Toilets: Built in areas where individual household toilets are challenging to construct.
• Public Toilets: Constructed in key locations like markets, tourist spots, and railway stations.
• Financial Assistance:
  • The Central Government provides 40% of the cost of community toilets as Viability Gap Funding (VGF).
  • States/UTs contribute 13.33%, while North-East and special category states contribute only 4%.

Phase 2 (SBM-U 2.0) (2021-2026):

• Vision: Make all cities Garbage-Free and ensure proper grey and black water management.
• Key Focus Areas:
  • Achieving ODF+ and ODF++ (for ULBs with a population below 1 lakh).
  • Source segregation of solid waste, promotion of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), and scientific processing of municipal solid waste.
  • Remediation of legacy dumpsites to tackle long-standing waste management issues.
• Financial Outlay: Approximately Rs. 1.41 lakh crore (2021-22 to 2025-26).
• New Components:
  • Fecal sludge management in ULBs with a population below 1 lakh.
  • Sustainable sanitation, wastewater treatment, solid waste management, and capacity building.

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Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) – SBM-G

Phase 1 (2014-2019):

• SBM (Gramin) was launched by restructuring the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan to ensure cleanliness in rural areas and achieve Open Defecation Free (ODF) status.
• Objective: Improve cleanliness through Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) activities and achieve ODF status in Gram Panchayats.
• Incentives for IHHL (Individual Household Latrines):
  • Rs. 12,000 for constructing an IHHL, including provisions for water and handwashing.
  • Central share: Rs. 9,000 (75%), State share: Rs. 3,000 (25%).
  • For North-Eastern states and special category states, the Central share is 90% and State share 10%.

Phase 2 (2020-2025):

• Objective: 
  • Sustain the ODF status of villages
  • Improve the level of cleanliness in rural areas through solid and liquid waste management activities, making villages ODF Plus. This includes
    • ODF Sustainability
    • Solid Waste Management
    • Liquid Waste Management
    • Visual Cleanliness
• Financial Outlay: Rs. 1,40,881 crore to continue the sanitation and behaviour change campaigns.
• Convergence Model: SBM-G Phase II emphasises the integration of financing schemes across Central and State Governments for comprehensive cleanliness (Sampoorn Swachhata).
• Mission Mode Implementation: Focus on ensuring that no one is left behind and sustaining the gains of Phase 1.

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