Option (a) is correct

Explanation:

• AB-PMJAY is approaching the fifth anniversary of its birth this September, it is being projected as a huge success, taking the country closer to universal health coverage, one of the sustainable development goals.
• Statement 1 is not correct: AB-PMJAY provides a health cover of Rs 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalisation.
• Statement 2 is correct: National Health Authority (NHA) is the apex body responsible for its implementation.NHA is governed by a Governing Board chaired by the Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare.
• It covers up to 3 days of pre-hospitalization and 15 days post-hospitalization expenses such as diagnostics and medicines.
• There is no restriction on the family size, age or gender.
• All pre–existing conditions are covered from day one.

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• A new investigation with NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope into K2-18 b,has revealed the presence of carbon-bearing molecules including methane and carbon dioxide.
• This suggests that K2-18b could be a Hycean exoplanet, one which has the potential to possess a hydrogen-rich atmosphere and a water ocean-covered surface. 
  • Planets that orbit stars,other than our sun, are called exoplanets. 
• Planet K2-18 b is 120 light years from earth and orbits the cool dwarf star K2-18 a.
• It is 8.6 times as massive as Earth and the size lies that of between earth and Neptune.

Option (d) is correct.

Explanation:

• The inclusion of the African Union into the G20 Grouping as its 21st member has given a new voice to the global south, providing an opportunity in ensuring global critical mineral security.
• Critical minerals, also known as strategic minerals or critical raw materials, are natural resources that play a crucial role in various industrial sectors due to their unique properties and applications. 
  • Some commonly recognized critical minerals include: Antimony, Beryllium, Bismuth, Cobalt and Copper.
• These minerals are essential for the functioning of modern economies, technologies, and national security. 
• They are characterized by their scarcity, high economic value, and significance in strategic industries.

Option (a) is correct 

Explanation:

• The Finance Ministry recently notified the constitution of 31 Appellate Tribunals across 28 States and eight Union Territories for the Goods and Services Tax (GST). 
• Statement 1 is correct: The Tribunal operates as an appellate authority that hears appeals against the decisions and orders of the lower authorities.
  • As per the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, the GST Appellate Tribunal holds the same powers as the court and is deemed Civil Court for trying a case. 
• Statement 2 is correct: The Tribunal also has the power to impose penalties, revoke or cancel registrations, and take such other measures as may be necessary to ensure compliance with the GST laws.
• Statement 3 is not correct: Under GST, if a person is not satisfied with the decision passed by any lower court, an appeal can be raised to a higher court, the hierarchy for the same is as follows:
  • Adjudicating Authority
  • Appellate Authority
  • Appellate Tribunal
  • High Court
  • Supreme Court

Option (b) is correct.

Explanation: 

• A special session of Parliament scheduled will witness the discussion on a Bill that seeks to regulate the appointment, service conditions, and office terms of the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and other Election Commissioners.
• Statement 1 is not correct: The CEC can be removed from his office on the basis of a resolution passed to that effect by both the Houses of Parliament with the special majority.
  • Thus, he does not hold his office till the pleasure of the President, though he is appointed by him.
• Statement 2 is correct: The Supreme Court in Anoop Baranwal v. Union of India unanimously ruled that a high-power committee consisting of the Prime Minister, Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha, and the Chief Justice of India must select the Chief Election Commissioner(CEC) and(Election Commissioners ECs).