Option (d) is correct

Explanation

• ISRO launched the Chandrayaan 3 spacecraft using the LVM3 rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India.
• Statement 1 is correct: Chandrayaan-3 is India’s third lunar mission as well as second attempt to achieve a soft landing of a robotic lander on the moon’s surface. If the soft-landing succeeds, India will become the fourth country in the world to have achieved this.
• Statement 2 is correct: It is a follow-up to the 2019 Chandrayaan-2 mission, which partially failed after its lander and rover couldn’t execute a soft-landing on the Moon.
• Chandrayaan-3’s objectives:
  • To demonstrate Safe and Soft Landing on Lunar Surface
  • To demonstrate Rover roving on the moon and
  • To conduct in-situ scientific experiments

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The current heatwave  in Europe is being caused by an anticyclone named Cerberus.
• Statement 2 is correct: An anticyclone is a meteorological term used to describe a weather phenomenon characterized by high atmospheric pressure at its center, surrounded by a clockwise flow of air in the Northern Hemisphere (counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere). 
• Statement 3 is correct: Anticyclones are often associated with stable weather conditions. The descending air at the center of an anticyclone inhibits cloud formation and promotes clear skies, leading to dry and settled weather.
• However, they can also lead to temperature inversions, where a layer of cool air is trapped beneath a layer of warm air, causing pollution and reducing air quality. 

Option (b) is correct

Explanation:

• India’s Foreign ministerco-chaired 12th meeting of Mekong Ganga Cooperation, an initiative by 6 nations focusing on cooperation in tourism, culture, education, transport & communications.
• The Mekong–Ganga Cooperation was established in 2000, at Vientiane, Laos at the First MGC Ministerial Meeting.
• The Mekong-Ganga Cooperation (MGC) is an initiative by six countries – India and five ASEAN countries, namely, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam for cooperation in tourism, culture, education, as well as transport and communications. 
• Both the Ganga and the Mekong are civilizational rivers, and the MGC initiative aims to facilitate closer contacts among the people inhabiting these two major river basins. 
• The MGC is also indicative of the cultural and commercial linkages among the member countries of the MGC down the centuries.

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• Recently, a 62-years-old woman approached senior administrative officials seeking permission for euthanasia on failing to remove illegal possession from her property.
• Euthanasia refers to the practice under which an individual intentionally ends their life to get relief from an incurable condition, or intolerable suffering.
• Statement 1 is correct: In Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India (2011), the Supreme Court had held that passive euthanasia can be allowed under exceptional circumstances.
• Statement 2 is correct: Switzerland has banned euthanasia but allows assisted dying in the presence of a doctor or physician.
• In Common Cause vs. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court allowed passive euthanasia while recognising the living wills of terminally-ill patients who could go into a permanent vegetative state, and issued guidelines regulating this procedure.

Option (a) is correct

• War-torn Sudan’s capital has experienced a communications blackout for several hours as the army and paramilitary forces waged intense battles across Khartoum.

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• Recently, India’s Prime Minister has been conferred with the highest honour of France, the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, by French President Emmanuel Macron.
• The Legion of Honour is organized into five degrees (lower to higher): Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer, and Grand Cross.
• Statement 1 is correct: It was established by the former French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802. 
• Statement 2 is correct: There is no material or financial benefit attached to the award.
• The Legion of Honour cannot be applied for; the government identifies the potential honourees.
• The Legion of Honour is worn before any other French or foreign insignia, on the left-hand side.