Option (d) is correct.

Explanation:

• Rabindranath Tagore’s Shantiniketan, the university town in West Bengal’s Birbhum district, has been inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List.
• Ajanta Caves- This is well-known for their Buddhist rock-cut cave art. It is lavishly brightened with artworks and frescoes like Sigiriya paintings.     
• Pattadakal Monuments– The Chalukya style of architecture, which originated in Aihole and merged with Nagara and Dravidian styles, is what makes Pattadakal Monuments so popular.  
• Bhimbetka- It is popular for Rock Paintings within Stone Age Inscriptions, Natural Rock Shelters, Sitting Place of Bhima (Mahabharata).
• Mahabodhi Temple- A significant religious center for the Buddhists as here Mahatma Buddha accomplished edification. Bodh Gaya is considered as the holiest journey spot for the Buddhists. 
• Rani Ki Vav- It is a unique example of fine Old Indian architecture which was developed during the Solanki dynasty. 

Option (a) is correct

Explanation:

• During the G77 meeting in Havana (Cuba), India has suggested that the Group of 77 or G77 that comprises the Global South should not get distracted by bilateral issues.
• G-77 was established in 1964 by seventy-seven developing countries signatories of the “Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Developing Countries” issued at the end of the first session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in Geneva.
• Statement 1 is correct: The basic principles of the G-77 were outlined in the Charter of Algiers, which was adopted in 1967. 
• Statement 2 is not correct: France and Germany are not observers at G-77.
• G-77 is the largest intergovernmental organisation of developing countries in the United Nations, which provides the means for the countries of the South to articulate and promote their collective economic interests.
  • Because of the historical significance of the meeting, the name G-77 has been kept despite the group’s growth to include more than 130 countries.
• Statement 3 is correct: The Chairmanship, which is the highest political body within the organizational structure of the Group of 77, rotates on a regional basis (between Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean) and is held for one year in all the Chapters.
  • Currently, the Republic of Cuba is the Chair of the Group of 77 in New York for the year 2023.

Option (b) is correct

Explanation:

• Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger have formalised Liptako-Gourma charter establishing the “Alliance of Sahel States”.
  • It aims to establish a collective defence and mutual assistance framework.
  • Binding Charter: It binds these nations to extend military assistance to each other in the event of an attack on any one of them.
• The Liptako-Gourma region is an area in Africa where the borders of Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger converge.
  • It has been plagued by armed rebellions.

Option (d) is correct

Explanation:

• In a major boost to the Indian Army’s firepower, the Defence Ministry has approved the procurement of a regiment of ‘Pralay’ ballistic missiles. ‘
• Pralay’ missiles will be deployed along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and Line of Control (LoC), that is, borders with China and Pakistan, respectively. 
• Statement 1 is correct:‘Pralay’ ballistic missiles can hit targets between 150 and 500 km away. The advanced missile has been developed in a way to be able to defeat interceptor missiles. 
• Statement 2 is correct:It has the ability to change its path after covering a certain range in midair.
• Developed by: Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO)
• It is powered by a solid propellant rocket motor and other new technologies.
• The missile guidance system includes state-of-the-art navigation and integrated avionics.

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Juno mission completed its 53rd close flyby of Jupiter on July 31, 2023 and just hours before that, it sped past the gas giant’s volcanic Moon Io and captured this stunning frame of both of them together.