Option (c) is correct.

Explanation:

IIT-Ropar researchers discovered rare metal viz. tantalum in Sutlej which is used in electronics and semiconductors.

• Tantalum: It is a rare, dense, and corrosion-resistant transition metal. It has the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Rwanda is one of the world’s largest producers of tantalum.

About Sutlej River:

• Origin: The Satluj originates in the Rakas lake near Mansarovar at an altitude of 4,555 m in Tibet where it is known as Langchen Khambab. 
• River Course: It flows almost parallel to the Indus for about 400 km before entering India, and comes out of a gorge at Rupar. 
  • It passes through the Shipki La on the Himalayan ranges and enters the Punjab plains. It is an antecedent river. 
  • It meets the Beas River in HariKe-Patan in Punjab, India and flows to Pakistan to join the Chenab River, creating the Panjnad River (Five Rivers Of Punjab). 
• Length: The total length of the river is about 1550 km of which 529 km is in Pakistan.
• Tributaries: The Sutlej River has many tributaries, including Baspa, Beas, Nogli Khad, Soan and Spiti.
• Significance: It is a very important tributary of Indus and it feeds the canal system of the Bhakra Nangal project.
  • There are various hydroelectric power and irrigation projects over the river like the Kol Dam, Bhakra Nangal Dam, Baspa Hydroelectric Power Project, and Nathpa Jhakri Project.

Option (d) is correct.

Explanation:

53-year-old Javier Milei is set to be Argentina’s new president after winning 56% of the vote in the national elections.

About Argentina:

• Argentina is a country of South America, covering most of the southern portion of the continent and is the world’s 8th largest country.
• The country is divided into four regions: The Andes, the North, the Pampas, and Patagonia. The Pampas is the agricultural heartland.
• Argentina is bordered by: 
  • Chile: To the west
  • Bolivia and Paraguay: To the north
  • Brazil, Uruguay, and the Atlantic Ocean: To the east

Option (b) is correct.

Explanation:

Recently, Oxfam International released the “Climate equality: A planet for the 99%” report.

Key Findings of the Report:

• Annual Global Emissions: The emissions of the super-rich 1% was cancelling out the carbon savings from almost a million onshore wind turbines.
  • The richest 1% of the world’s people emitted as much carbon as the poorest 5 billion who make up 66% of the global population.
  • The emissions of the 1% are set to be over 22 times more than the safe limit (the emissions allowed if we are to stay below 1.5 degrees Celsius global warming) in 2030.
• Unequal Burden: The countries that are least responsible for global warming are suffering the worst consequences of the climate crisis and also the least able to respond and recover. 
  • Most Vulnerable Countries: Located in Africa, South Asia, Central and South America, Small Island Developing States and the Arctic.

About Oxfam International: 

• Origin: In 1995 a group of independent non-governmental organisations formed Oxfam International to share knowledge and resources and combine their efforts in the fight against poverty and injustice. 
• Works: Located in about 70 countries to save and protect lives in emergencies, help people rebuild their livelihoods and campaign for genuine, lasting change, keeping women’s rights at the heart of everything they do.
• Members: There are 21 member organisations of the Oxfam International confederation. 
  • Based in: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Ireland, India, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Quebec, South Africa, Spain, Turkey and United States.

Option (a) is correct.

Explanation: 

The Supreme Court has questioned the Tamil Nadu governor for the three-year delay in clearing bills.

• Statement 1 is correct: A governor is an integral part of the state legislature. In that capacity, s/he can summon or prorogue the state legislature and dissolve the state legislative assembly.  S/He can address the state legislature at the commencement of the first session after each general election and the first session of each year.
• Statement 2 is not correct: Governor nominates one-sixth of the members of the state legislative council from amongst persons having special knowledge or practical experience in literature, science, art, cooperative movement and social service.

Option (d) is correct.

Explanation: 

• Langlands Program is the world’s biggest maths project.
• Beginning: This program began in 1967 when Dr. Langlands at Princeton University, wrote a letter to the French mathematician André Weil with a series of tentative ideas.
  • The program consists of very complicated theoretical abstractions, which can be difficult even for specialist mathematicians to grasp.
  • Langlands proposed that the mathematics of algebra (Galois representations) and analysis (automorphic forms) are intimately related.
• Purpose: At the heart of the Program is an attempt to find connections between two far-flung areas of mathematics viz. number theory and harmonic analysis.
• Number theory: It is the arithmetic study of numbers and the relationships between them. Example of such a relationship is the Pythagoras theorem: a2 + b2 = c2.
• Harmonic analysis: It is interested in the study of periodic phenomena and deals with mathematical objects more continuous in nature (like waves).
• A grand unified theory of mathematics includes the search for a generalisation of Artin reciprocity (known as Langlands reciprocity) to non-Abelian Galois extensions of number fields.