Option (d) is correct.

Explanation:

• Recently, the Indian Defence Minister unveiled the crest of the Navy’s stealth guided missile destroyer Imphal. It is the latest and technologically most advanced warship after the historic city of Imphal.
• Statement 1 is not correct: 
  • It is fitted with BrahMoS surface-to-surface missiles among other indigenous weapons. It is equipped with state-of-the-art weapons and sensors, including surface-to-air missiles, anti-ship missiles and torpedoes.
• Statement 2 is not correct:
  • It is the third among the four Project 15B stealth guided missile destroyers which was delivered to the Navy in October by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL).
  • The first ship under P15B was Visakhapatnam that was commissioned on 21 Nov 2021 and the second, Mormugao, on 18 Dec 2022. The fourth ship, Surat, was launched on 17 May 2022 and is at an advanced stage of outfitting.
• Statement 3 is correct:
  • The Imphal’s crest design depicts the Kangla Palace on the left and ‘Kangla-Sa’ on the right. 
  • The Kangla Palace is an important historical and archaeological site of Manipur, and was the traditional seat of the past kingdom and the ‘Kangla-Sa’ is a tribute to the sacrifice made by the people of Manipur towards India’s independence, sovereignty and security. ‘Kangla-Sa’ is also the state emblem of Manipur.

Option (b) is correct.

Explanation:

• Recently, the Indian President suggested the creation of an All-India Judicial Service (AIJS), that will help diversify the judiciary through a merit-based process for recruitment. 
• Statement 1 is not correct:
  • Article 312 of the Indian Constitution, as amended by the 42nd Amendment, provides for the creation of an AIJS.As per Article 312 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has the power to create a new All India Service, if the Council of States passes a resolution declaring that it is required in the interest of the nation.
• Statement 2 is correct:
  • The creation of an AIJS requires a resolution adopted by the Council of States with a majority of two-third members present and voting, and a parliamentary law. 

Option (c) is correct.

Explanation:

• Indian and US space agencies will collaborate to put an Indian astronaut on the International Space Station(ISS) by the end of the next year. ISS is a multi-nation construction project and its main construction was completed between 1998 and 2011.
• Statement 1 is not correct: It is a co-operative programme between Europe, United States, Russia, Canada and Japan.
• Statement 2 is not correct: The space station orbits in low Earth orbit (LEO) at an altitude of approximately 430 kilometers, with its orbital path taking it over 90% of the Earth’s population. The International Space Station circles Earth every 90 minutes at a speed of 8 kilometers per second.

Option (c) is correct.

Explanation:

• India has assumed a key position in the worldwide sugar economy, emerging as the foremost sugar producer since 2021-22, surpassing Brazil. Additionally, it stands as the second-largest sugar exporter globally. 
• Statement 1 is not correct: Pressmud, a residual byproduct in the sugar industry often known as filter cake or press cake, has been acknowledged as a valuable resource for green energy production. 
• Statement 2 is correct: It is used as feedstock for biogas production through anaerobic digestion and subsequent purification to create compressed biogas (CBG). 
• Statement 3 is not correct: It lacks the organic polymer lignin, unlike agri residue increasing its conversion efficiency.
• Approximately 25 tonnes of pressmud are needed to produce a tonne of CBG. In comparison, cattle dung requires 50 tonnes for the same gas output. 

Option (d) is correct.

Explanation: 

• European multinational companies facing hefty tax demands in India have filed a review petition urging the Supreme Court to follow the Vienna Convention in interpreting the most-favoured nation (MFN) clause in tax treaties.
• Statement 1 is correct:  Under the WTO agreements, countries cannot normally discriminate between their trading partners. Granting someone a special favour means doing the same for all other WTO members.
• Statement 2 is correct: Imported and locally-produced goods should be treated equally — at least after the foreign goods have entered the market. 
• Statement 3 is correct: Countries can set up a free trade agreement that applies only to goods traded within the group —   discriminating against goods from outside.
• Statement 4 is correct:  National treatment only applies once a product, service or item of intellectual property has entered the market. Therefore, charging customs duty on an import is not a violation of national treatment even if locally-produced products are not charged an equivalent tax.