Option (a) is correct

Explanation:

• Every year on 5th June, World Environment Day is observed globally. 
• The major goal of the annual event is to raise awareness of the value of the resources on our planet and the need to protect them.
• The day helps to raise awareness about the environment and the damage that human activities do to it.
• Statement 1 is not correct: Led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Environment Day was first marked on June 5, 1973, during the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment.
• Statement 2 is correct: Theme for the World Environment Day 2023 is under the campaign #BeatPlasticPollution, ‘Ecosystem Restoration’.
• Statement 3 is not correct: World Environment Day 2023 is being hosted by Ivory Coast, in collaboration with the Netherlands, showcasing their leadership in fighting plastic pollution.

Option (b) is correct

Explanation:

• Recently, fifty-six turtles were burnt to death after a fire broke out on five acres of wetland at Payyanki, near Cheruvathur, in Kasaragod in Kerala and a case had been registered under Section 9 of the Wildlife Protection Act. 
• Statement 1 is not correct: Black Softshell Turtles are found in ponds of temples in northeastern India and Bangladesh and distribution range also includes the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries.
• Statement 2 is correct: Protection Status of the species:
  • IUCN Red List: Critically Endangered
  • CITES: Appendix I
  • Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: No Legal Protection

Option (b) is correct

Explanation:

• Punjab and Himachal Pradesh are set for a face-off as the 99-year lease on the British-era 110 MW Shanan hydropower project situated at Jogindernagar in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, presently under the control of the Punjab government, will expire in March 2024.

• Sidrapong Hydroelectric Power Station is located in Darjeeling town, West Bengal is the oldest hydel power station or hydroelectric power plant in India. 
• Both Dehar and Pong Hydroelectric Power Plants are located in Himachal Pradesh on the Beas River.

Option (d) is correct

Explanation:

• There are only 3 countries that border the Yellow Sea– China, North Korea, and South Korea.

Image Credits:BBC

Option (a) is correct

Explanation:

• The KAVACH is an indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system by the Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) in collaboration with the Indian industry.
• It is a state-of-the-art electronic system with Safety Integrity Level-4 (SIL-4) standards which is meant to provide protection by preventing trains to pass the signal at Red (which marks danger) and avoid collision. 
• ‘Kavach’ is one of the cheapest, SIL-4 certified technologies where the probability of error is 1 in 10,000 years.

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• India has remained one of the attractive destinations for foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) with total inflows at Rs 61,958 crore so far in the current fiscal. 
• FPIs are an important source of capital for emerging economies like India and provide investors with an opportunity to diversify their portfolio across different markets.
• Statement 1 is not correct: In India, FPIs are registered with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and the National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL).
• The NSDL maintains a list of registered FPIs in India, which is publicly available on their website.
• FPI is often referred as hot money because of its tendency to flee at the first signs of trouble in an economy. 
• Statement 2 is not correct: FPI is more liquid, volatile and therefore riskier than Foreign Direct Investment.