Option (d) is correct

Explanation:

• The 31st Malabar multilateral exercise is set to occur off the coast of Sydney from August 11th to 21st.
• The Malabar naval exercise is a multinational maritime exercise involving the India, the United States, Japan, and Australia
• Aim: To enhance interoperability, communication, and cooperation among the participating naval forces. 

Option (a) is correct

Explanation

• Recently, the Immunisation drive Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) 5.0, began in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 
• Mission Indradhanush (MI) was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) in 2014 with the aim of expanding immunisation coverage to all children across India.
• Aim: To cover all those children who are either unvaccinated, or are partially vaccinated against vaccine preventable diseases. 
• During the campaign, vaccination against 12 Vaccine- Preventable Diseases (VPD) which includes- diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, meningitis and pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae type B infections, Japanese encephalitis, rotavirus vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and measles-rubella.

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is Correct: The term ‘basic structure’ is not defined in the Indian Constitution, however, over the years, the Supreme Court through its various judgements has shaped the concept of ‘Basic structure of Constitution’.
• Statement 2 is Correct: In Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973), the Supreme Court judgment introduced the concept of the ‘Basic Structure Doctrine’ in the Indian Constitution.
• In the Kesavananda ruling, the Supreme Court cited several aspects of the Constitution that could be identified as “basic features” of the document but added that it was not an exhaustive list.
• Components of Basic structure:
  • Supremacy of the Constitution;
  • Republican and Democratic forms of Government.
  • Secular character of the Constitution;
  • Separation of powers between the Legislature, the executive and the judiciary;
  • Federal character of the Constitution.

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• Recently, the Parliament has passed the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2023 to amend the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957.
• Statement 1 is correct: The Bill declassifies beryl and beryllium, (ii) lithium, (iii) niobium, (iv) titanium, (v) tantallium, and (vi) zirconium minerals from the category of atomic minerals.  
  • Upon removal of these minerals from the list of atomic minerals, exploration and mining of these minerals will be open to the private sector.
• The Bill adds that auction for composite licence and mining lease for specified critical and strategic minerals will be conducted by the central government. 
• Statement 2 is correct: The Bill allows activities under a single exploration license in an area up to 1,000 square kilometers.

Option (a) is correct

Explanation:

• Recently, the Prime Minister has paid tributes to the freedom fighters who took part in the Quit India Movement.
• The Quit India Resolution was adopted by the All India Congress Committee on  8th August, 1942.
• During the Quit India movement, Mahatma Gandhi gave the clarion call “Do or Die” in his speech delivered at the Gowalia Tank Maidan.
• Parallel governments were established at many places:  Ballia, Tamluk and  Satara.