Ans: C

Exp:

The “National Science Day 2024” programme was held in  Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.

Statement 1 is incorrect: Hemophilia A is an inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn’t clot normally. 

• • It occurs because the body doesn’t make enough protein (clotting factors) to help the blood clots.
  • People with Hemophilia A will bleed more than normal after an injury, surgery, or dental procedure. 
  • This disorder can be severe, moderate, or mild. 
  • In severe cases, heavy bleeding occurs after minor injury or even when there is no injury (spontaneous bleeding).

• Anaemia occurs  when the blood doesn’t have enough red blood cells (RBC’s) in it.

Statement 2 is correct:  Haemophilia A is caused by genetic mutations, also known as pathogenic variants. 

• Genetic mutations can be hereditary, when parents pass them down to their children, or they may occur randomly when cells are dividing. 
• Genetic mutations may also result from contracted viruses, environmental factors, such as UV radiation from sunlight exposure, or a combination of any of these.

Statement 3 is correct: India has conducted the first human clinical trial of gene therapy for haemophilia A (FVIII deficiency) at Christian Medical College (CMC) Vellore.

Ans: C

Exp:

PM Modi flags off first indigenous hydrogen fuel cell ferry. Pilot vessel, built at Cochin Shipyard, is a 24-m catamaran which can carry 50 passengers with fully air-conditioned passenger space.

Option 1 is correct: The primary advantage of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) is that they produce no tailpipe emissions. They only emit water vapour and warm air. Another advantage is that they are more efficient than internal combustion engine vehicles.

Option 2 is correct:  Re-fuelling time of FCEV is much lower than electric cars. Hydrogen can be refilled in a fuel cell vehicle in a matter of minutes, nearly as fast as an internal combustion engine can be refilled with fossil fuels.

Option 3 is correct: The high efficiency of fuel cell vehicles ensures lower operational costs per kilometre than diesel powered vehicles and can bring freight revolution in India.

Ans: A

Exp:

Government declares Muslim Conference Jammu & Kashmir (Sumji faction) and Muslim Conference Jammu & Kashmir (Bhat faction) as Unlawful Associations.

Statement 1 is incorrect: Under Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA), both Indian and foreign nationals can be charged.

•  It will be applicable to the offenders in the same manner, even if crime is committed on a foreign land, outside India.
• The 2019 Amendment gave the Home Ministry the power to designate individuals as terrorists.
• The Act extends to the whole of India.

Statement 2 is correct: The Act applies to anyone who commits a UAPA crime in India or outside India.

The provisions of this Act apply also to:

• citizens of India outside India;
• persons in the service of the Government, wherever they may be; and
• persons on ships and aircrafts, registered in India, wherever they may be.

Ans: B

Exp:

Article 371A of the Constitution of India has been the major hurdle in the Nagaland government’s efforts to regulate small-scale illegal coal mining activities in the State.

Statement 1 is incorrect: Parliament cannot legislate in matters of Naga religion or social practices, Naga customary law and procedure, administration of civil and criminal justice involving decisions according to Naga customary law, and ownership and transfer of land without concurrence of the State Assembly (not State tribal areas).

Statement 2 is correct: Article 371A  deals with the special constitutional provisions for the state of Nagaland. 

These were added by the 13th Amendment Act, 1962 after a 16-point agreement between the Centre and the Naga People’s Convention in 1960, which led to the creation of Nagaland in 1963. 

Ans: B

Exp:

The government’s Genome India initiative announced the successful sequencing of 10,000 whole genomes of healthy persons from across the country, creating a genetic map of the population. 

Statement 1 and 4 is correct: Studying the Genetic makeup of a country can help in:

• • identify the genetic basis or genetic risk factors for various diseases.

• In providing  targeted treatments, especially for rare diseases that usually arise from genetic anomalies

Statement 2 is correct: The Mapping can provide insights into health trends and patterns within that population. It can be a useful tool in  public health planning, preventive measures, and the allocation of resources.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Genome mapping cannot accurately predict individual life events  Accurate prediction of an individual’s life events is influenced by various factors beyond genetics.