Ans: D

Exp:

Resource planning is the judicious use of limited resources. It is a complex process that involves 

• surveying, mapping, and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources. 

• Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skills, and institutional setup for implementing resource development plans. 
• Matching the resource development plans with the overall national development plans.

India has made concerted efforts to achieve the goals of resource planning right from the First Five Year Plan launched after Independence.

Ans: D

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: In igneous rocks, minerals are formed when minerals in liquid/ molten, and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth’s surface. They cool and solidify as they rise. They may occur in cracks, crevices, faults, or joints . The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger ones are called lodes.

Statement 2 is correct: In sedimentary rocks, a number of minerals occur in beds or layers. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation, and concentration in horizontal strata.

Statement 3 is correct: Coal and some forms of iron ore have been concentrated as a result of long periods under tremendous heat and pressure. Another group of sedimentary minerals includes gypsum, potash salt, and sodium salt. These are formed as a result of evaporation, especially in arid regions.

Ans: A

Exp:

Late PM Jawaharlal Nehru proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modern India’; the reason being that they would integrate the development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialisation and growth of the urban economy. The list of important dams in India: 

• Narora- Ganga  Hence, pair 1 is correct

• Mettur-Kavery    Hence, Pair 2 is incorrect

• Koyna- Krishna    Hence Pair 3 is incorrect

• Sardar Sarovar- Narmada
• Nagarjuna Sagar- Krishna
• Hirakund – Mahanadi
• Bhakra Nagal- Sutlej 

Ans: B 

Exp:

Traditional water harvesting systems are structures to store water and recharge groundwater They are much talked about in the age of water scarcity. Various traditional systems in India are: 

• Kul is an ancient traditional community-based water management system found in the western Himalayan region of India, particularly in the state of Himachal Pradesh
• Tankas are underground storage structures commonly found in the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan and other parts of northern India.
• Johad is a small earthen dam or embankment built across a seasonal stream or watercourse. Johads are constructed to capture and retain rainwater, allowing it to percolate into the ground and recharge local groundwater levels.

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: All environmental components that are not living are referred to as abiotic resources. Land, water, and minerals, e.g., iron, copper, gold, silver, etc., are abiotic resources. They are exhaustible and non-renewable as they cannot be regenerated or reproduced.

Statement 2 is correct: Ferrous minerals constitute one of the most important mineral groups. Iron, manganese, chromite, pyrite, etc. are included in this category. These minerals provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries, particularly iron, steel, and alloys.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Non-metallic minerals can either be of organic origin, like fossil fuels made from buried animal and plant life, like coal and petroleum, or they can be inorganic, like rock that is not made of metal. Other types of non-metallic minerals are inorganic in origin, such as mica, limestone, graphite, etc.