Ans: A

Exp:

Statement-I is correct: Mahmud of Ghazni (A.D. 997-1030) is said to have made seventeen raids into India. The raids of Mahmud into India were aimed at plundering the rich temples and cities of northern India.In 1011, heraided Nagarkot in the Punjab hills and Thaneshwar near Delhi. In 1018, Mahmud plundered the holy city of Mathura and also attacked Kannauj.In 1024, Mahmud marched from Multan across Rajputana, defeated the Solanki King Bhimadeva I, plundered Anhilwad and sacked the famous temple of Somnath.

Statement-II is correct: Alberuni stayed in Mahmud’s court and wrote the famous Kitab-i-Hind, an account in India. The description of the temple by Al-Biruni, an Arab traveler, was so glowing that it prompted a visit in 1024 by Mahmud of Ghazni.

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: The Mongol Empire carried out several invasions of the Indian subcontinent from 1221 to 1327.In c.1221 CE, Temujin, popularly known as Chengiz Khan, the leader of the Mongols, started invading Central Asia and destroying the Khwarizm empire. The first Mongol invasion of India took place in the reign of Sultan Shams-ud-din lltutmish.

Statement 2 is correct: Iltutmish did indeed introduce the practice of hereditary succession to the Delhi Sultanate. This means that he designated his own descendants, often his sons or daughters, as the successors to the throne, establishing a hereditary system for the rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. This was a departure from the earlier practice of slave dynasty where rulers were chosen based on merit and not necessarily familial ties.Raziya is that she was the daughter of Iltutmish and became the Sultan of Delhi in the 13th century.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Iltutmish, a Sultan of Delhi in the 13th century, introduced Arabic coinage to India. He standardized the silver tanka, which weighed around 175 grams, and this coin remained the basis for the modern rupee in India’s medieval history. 

Ans: B

Exp:

Pair 1 is correct: Diwan-i-Bandagan is the department of slaves. Firoz Shah Tughlaq introduces the post of Diwan-i-Bandagan. Arz-e-Bandagan was an officer recruiting and inspecting slaves

Pair 2 is incorrect: Diwan-i Riyasat, during the reign of Alauddin Khilji, the supply of grain was ensured by holding stocks in government storehouses. Prices of all commodities were fixed according to regulations. A separate department called Diwan-i-Riyasat was created under an officer called Naib-i-Riyasat. Its primary function was to implement the economic regulations issued by the Sultan and control the markets and prices.

Pair 3 is correct: To improve cultivation in the Doab, Muhammad bin Tughlaq set up a separate agriculture department called diwan-i-amir-kohi. The department divided the Doab into development blocs headed by an official who would give loans to farmers and engage them in the cultivation of superior crops.

Pair 4 is incorrect: Diwan-i-Arz in the Delhi Sultanate was established by Balban. Diwan-i-Arz was essentially the Department of Military managed by Ariz-i-Mamalik. He was accountable for the regulation and preservation of the royal army.

Ans: A

Exp:

Amir Khusrau (1253–1325) was a contemporary of Balban, Jalaluddin Khilji and Alauddin Khilji. He introduced many new ragas such as Ghora and Sanam.

• He wrote the book ‘Tughluq Namah’ detailing the reign of Firuz Tughlaq.” This statement is not correct because Amir Khusrau did write a historic masnavi called “Tughlaq Nama,” but it detailed the reign of Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq and other Tughlaq rulers, not Firuz Tughlaq. Hence option (a) is incorrect.

• He was a disciple of Sufi Saint ‘Nizamuddin Auliya’.” This statement is correct. Amir Khusrau was a disciple of Sufi Saint Nizamuddin Auliya.Hence option (b) is correct.

• The qaul, a hymn sung at the opening or closing of qawwali during the Chishti sama, was composed by Him.” This statement is correct. Amir Khusrau introduced the qaul as part of the Chishti sama. Hence option (c) is correct.

• He preached religious toleration and secular thinking.” This statement is correct. Amir Khusrau’s poetry reflected his emphasis on secular thinking and religious toleration.Hence option (d) is correct.

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: The art and architecture of the Delhi Sultanate period were distinct from the Indian style. The Turks introduced arches, domes, lofty towers or minarets and decorations using the Arabic script. They used the skill of the Indian stone cutters. They also added colour to their buildings by using marble, and red and yellow sandstones.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The most magnificent building of the 13th century was the Qutub Minar which was founded by Aibek and completed by Iltutmish. This seventy-one meter tower was dedicated to the Sufi saint Qutbuddin Bakthiyar Kaki. The balconies of this tower were projected from the main building, and it was proof of the architectural skills of that period. Later, Alauddin Khalji added an entrance to the Qutub Minar called Alai Darwaza.

Statement 3 is correct: The palace complex called Tughlaqabad, with its beautiful lake, was built during the period of Ghyasuddin Tughlaq. The buildings of the Tughlaq period were constructed by combining arch and dome. They also used the cheaper and easily available gray color stone.