Ans: D

Exp 

Statement 1 is correct: The Government of India Act, 1935, introduced significant electoral reforms. It mandated that all members of the provincial legislatures were to be directly elected by the people. This marked a departure from previous legislative councils, where a significant portion of members were appointed rather than directly elected.

Other provisions:

• Separate electorates based on the communal award were to be made operational.
• The franchise was extended; women got the right on the same basis as men.
• Ministers were to administer all provincial subjects in a council of ministers headed by a premier.
• Ministers were made answerable to and removable by the adverse vote of the legislature.
• The provincial legislature could legislate on subjects on provincial and concurrent lists.
• 40 percent of the budget was still not votable.
• The governor could (a) refuse assent to a bill; (b) promulgate ordinances; and (c) enact the governor’s acts.  Hence, Statement 2 is correct

Statement 3 is correct: Members of the Federal Assembly could move a vote of no-confidence against ministers. The members of the provincial assembly could not move a vote of no-confidence.

Ans: B

Exp:

The Debt Trap Diplomacy is a foreign policy strategy where a powerful nation extends loans to weaker nations with the expectation of gaining influence and control over their resources or policies. Examples- 

• Hambantota Port in Sri Lanka: China extended significant loans to Sri Lanka for the construction of the Hambantota Port. When Sri Lanka couldn’t repay the debt, it agreed to a 99-year lease of the port to China, which raised concerns about China’s influence in the Indian Ocean.
• Pakistan’s China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Pakistan’s debt to China through the CPEC initiative raised concerns about its ability to repay loans. China’s investments in Pakistan’s infrastructure have also led to discussions about potential Chinese influence in Pakistan’s economy and politics.

Ans: C

Exp:

The New Southbound Policy” is an initiative of Taiwan. This policy seeks to strengthen Taiwan’s comprehensive relations with countries in ASEAN, South Asia, Australia and New Zealand. It is designed to enhance economic, trade, cultural, and people-to-people ties between Taiwan and these nations. It also aims to build a new model of economic development for Taiwan, repositioning the country as an important player in Asia’s growth.

Ans: C

Exp:

Non-refoulement is a fundamental principle in international refugee and human rights law. It refers to the prohibition of returning or expelling individuals to a country where they may face persecution, torture, inhuman or degrading treatment, or other serious threats to their life or freedom. This principle is an essential component of the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. It is aimed at protecting the rights and safety of refugees and asylum seekers. India is not a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol, the key legal documents pertaining to refugee protection.

Ans: B

Exp

Statement 1 is correct: The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) has been set up under the Consumer Protection Act of 2019 for better protection of interest of the Consumers. It is a quasi-judicial body consisting of President & 11 Members. The Commission has three types of jurisdiction i.e. Original, Appellate & Revisional. It has been receiving complaints, Appeals & Revision Petitions from the consumers from all over the country. The National Commissions has been functioning as per the provisions laid down in the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.

Statement 2 is correct: The NCDRC has the authority to hear cases involving consumer complaints against both public and private sector entities. It can hear complaints from individuals, voluntary consumer associations, and the Central and State Governments It plays a crucial role in providing a forum for consumers to seek redress for grievances related to faulty products, services, or unfair trade practices.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The NCDRC does not handle criminal matters, and its jurisdiction is primarily focused on resolving disputes related to consumer rights, product defects, or service deficiencies. he NCDRC plays a crucial role in ensuring that consumers are provided with a platform to seek redress and compensation for these types of issues through a legal process.