Ans: B

Exp:

Bhoodan Movement: 

• It was an attempt at land reform, at bringing about institutional changes in agriculture, like land redistribution. It was led by  Eminent Gandhian Acharya Vinoba Bhave. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect
• Objectives: 
  • To bring about a social order based on equality of opportunities by ensuring balanced economic distribution, Decentralisation of economic holdings and powers etc. It focused that power should be decentralised from village to village.
  • It aimed that everybody should have a right on land and property. Hence, statement 2 is correct 

Gramdan Movement

• Towards of the end of 1955, the popularity of Bhoodan movement has increased manifold due to active participation of many prominent leaders and it took a new form, that of Gramdan or ‘donation of villages’. The objective of the Gramdan movement was to persuade landowners and leaseholders in each village to renounce their land rights and all the lands would become the property of a village association for egalitarian redistribution and joint cultivation. Hence, statement 3 is correct 
• A village is declared as Gramdan when at least 75 percent of its residents with 51 per cent of the land signify their approval in writing for Gramdan. The first village to come under Gramdan, was Magroth, Haripur, Uttar Pradesh. The second and third took place in Orissa in 1955.

References: pwonlyias.com/stage, thehindu.com

Ans: D

Exp:

Just after independence a committee was formed under chairmanship of JC Kumarappa, which outlined the idea for land reforms in order to ensure justice to the peasants and promote equality in distribution of lands especially in rural India. 

The objective of land reforms programme was: 

• Removing institutional discrepancies of the agrarian structure
• Issues of socio-economic inequality.
• Increasing agricultural production for solving the inter-related problems of poverty, malnutrition and food insecurity.

The first generation Land reforms focused on the following:

• Abolition of intermediaries
• Tenancy reforms
• Redistribution of land
• Cooperative farming
• Consolidation of landholdings

In last few decades the emphasis has shifted towards new set of reforms called second generation Land reforms:

• Land records modernization 
• Appropriate land compensation
• Land leasing
• Contract farming- Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020. Hence, Option d is incorrect
• Consolidation of land holdings
• Animal husbandry (including breeding of dogs), fish farming, aquaculture, under controlled conditions
• Services related to agriculture and its allied sectors

References: pwonlyias.com/stage, NCERT class 11 economics: chapter 2

Ans: A

Exp:

The “Record of Rights” is intended to be given to village household owners who own homes in inhabited areas (Abadi) in villages through the Central Sector Scheme “SVAMITVA”. According to the plan, all of the communities in the nation’s rural populated areas had their land parcels surveyed. It aids in determining who clearly owns a piece of property. The plan involves employing drone technology and Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) to map the land parcels in rural areas where people live. Throughout the nation, the mapping will be carried out in stages over the course of four years, from 2020 to 2024.

References: http://www.thehindu.com, pib.gov.in

Ans: C

Exp:

Fertigation is a method of fertiliser application in which fertiliser is incorporated within the irrigation water by the drip system. In this system fertiliser solution is distributed evenly in irrigation. The availability of nutrients is very high therefore the efficiency is more. In this method liquid fertiliser as well as water soluble fertilisers are used. Thus, the fertiliser use efficiency is increased from 80 to 90 per cent. Some of the merits associated with this technique are:

• Nutrients and water are supplied near the active root zone through fertigation which results in greater absorption by the crops.
• As water and fertiliser are supplied evenly to all the crops through fertigation there is possibility for getting 25-50 per cent higher yield.
• Fertiliser use efficiency through fertigation ranges between 80-90 per cent, which helps to save a minimum of 25 percent of nutrients.
• By this way, along with less amount of water and saving of fertiliser, time, labour and energy use is also reduced substantially.

References: pwonlyias.com/stage, NCERT class 11: Agriculture

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect:  Sprinkler irrigation is a technique for applying water in a way that resembles rainfall. Most field, tree, and row crops can be grown there. You can spray water over or underneath the crop canopy. Sprinkler irrigation will not be suitable if a place is known to be windy most of the time. The sprinkler irrigation system is a very effective irrigation technique for shallow soils and uneven terrain.

Statement 2 is correct: Sprinklers can be used in most types of soil, however sandy soil is most suitable. These can be utilised to irrigate lawns, gardens, and farmland. Nearly all crops are suitable for sprinkler irrigation systems except crops like paddy, jute, etc. The dry crops, vegetables, flowering crops, orchards, and plantation crops like tea, coffee are all suitable and can be irrigated through sprinklers.

References:pwonlyias.com/stage, NCERT class 11: Agriculture