Ans: B

Exp:

Pair 1 is correctly matched: Young Bengal Movement (1809-31) was a radical, intellectual trend among the youth in Bengal started by Henry Vivian Derozio. He inspired his pupils to think freely and rationally, question all authority, love liberty, equality, and freedom. Derozio was perhaps the first nationalist poet of modern India.

Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: In 1878, the disgusted followers of Keshab set up a new Sadharan Brahmo Samaj. It was started by Ananda Mohan Bose, Sib Chandra Deb, and Umeshchandra Dutta. It reiterated the Brahmo doctrines of faith in a Supreme being, one God, the belief that no scripture or man is infallible, and believed in the dictates of reason, truth, and morality.

Pair 3 is correctly matched: Jyotiba Phule started a movement against upper caste domination and Brahminical supremacy known as the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers’ Society) in 1873. The main aims of the movement were social service and the spread of education among women and lower caste people.

Ans: D

Exp:

•  Statement 1 and 2 are correct: The tendency of reformers to appeal to the greatness of the past and to rely on scriptural authority encouraged mysticism in new garbs and fostered pseudo-scientific thinking while exercising a check on the full acceptance of the need for a modern scientific outlook. But, above all, these tendencies contributed, at least to some extent, in compartmentalising Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, and Parsis, as also alienating high-caste Hindus from low-caste Hindus. This led to religious particularism in the 2nd half of the 19th Century. 
• Statement 3 is correct: It gave rise to the communal consciousness along with the national consciousness among the middle class. This led to division of the societies based on religious lines which was visible since 1880’s in British India and ultimately culminated in the partition of India.
• Statement 4 is incorrect: It broadly promoted the rationalist and secular outlook in society. These reform movements had an ideological unity based on rationalism, religious universalism, and humanism. Rationalism was brought to judge social relevance. This was one of the positive features of the movement.

Ans: B

Exp: 

 Ramakrishna Mission (1897): It was established by Swami Vivekananda. It aimed to promote spirituality and service to humanity. It believed that ‘Service to jiva is service to Shiva’.  It’s headquarter is in Belur Math, West Bengal.

Theosophical Society (1875): Madame H.P. Blavatsky (1831– 91) and Colonel M.S. Olcott, were inspired by Indian thought and culture and thus founded the Theosophical Society in New York City, United States in 1875. In 1882, they shifted their headquarters to Adyar, on the outskirts of Madras in India. Society believed that a special relationship could be established between a person’s soul and God by contemplation, prayer, revelation, etc. 

Faraizi movement (1818): Faraizis were the followers of a Muslim sect founded by Haji Shariatullah of Faridpur in Eastern Bengal. They advocated radical religious, social, and political changes.

Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha(1851): It was formed by a group of English-educated Parsis for the “regeneration of the social conditions of the Parsis and the restoration of the Zoroastrian religion to its pristine purity”.

Thus, the correct chronological sequence is: 3-4-2-1

Ans: A     

Exp:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: Dayananda Saraswati, founder of Arya Samaj, criticised the escapist Hindu belief of Maya (illusion) as the running theme of all physical existence and the aim of human life as a struggle to attain moksha (salvation) through escape from this evil world to seek union with God. Instead, he advocated that God, soul, and matter (prakriti) were distinct and eternal entities, and every individual had to work out his own salvation in light of the eternal principles governing human conduct and not through escape from this evil world.
• Statement 2 is correct: Dev Samaj was founded in 1887 in Lahore by Shiv Narayan Agnihotri, an earlier Brahmo follower. The society emphasised the eternity of the soul, the supremacy of the guru, and the need for good action. It called for ideal social behaviour such as not accepting bribes, avoiding intoxicants and non-vegetarian food, and keeping oneself away from violent actions. 
• Statement 3 is incorrect: The Ramakrishna Mission was founded in 1897 by Vivekananda. The Mission stood for religious and social reform, humanitarian relief, and social work. Unlike the Arya Samaj, the Mission recognises the utility and value of image worship in developing spiritual fervour and worship of the eternal omnipotent God, although it emphasises the essential spirit and not the symbols or rituals. 

Reference : Spectrum, Chapter 9, A General Survey of the Reform Movements and their Leaders.

Ans: B    

Exp:

• Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha was founded in 1851 by a group of Parsis for the regeneration of social conditions and the restoration of the Zoroastrian religion. The movement was started by Naoroji Furdonji, Dadabhai Naoroji, K.R. Cama, and S.S. Bengalee. 
• Pair 2 is correctly matched: Sir Syed established The Scientific Society in 1864, in Aligarh to translate Western works into Indian languages to prepare the Muslims to accept Western education and to inculcate a scientific temperament among the Muslims. The Aligarh Institute Gazette, a magazine published by Sir Syed, was an organ of the Scientific Society. 
• Pair 3 is correctly matched: Tattvabodhini Sabha was founded by Debendranath Tagore, which focused on the systematic study of India’s past with a rational outlook and propagated the ideas of Raja Rammohan Roy. After some years, Tattvabodhini Sabha was incorporated into the Bahmo Samaj. 
• Pair 4 is incorrectly matched: Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Gopal Ganesh Agarkar started the Deccan Education Society in 1884 in Pune. They embarked on a path that would lead to a new awakening and salvation through social transformation. 

Reference : Spectrum, Chapter 9, A General Survey of the Reform Movements and their Leaders.