Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: In First Past the Post (FPTP) system (also called the Plurality System), the winning candidate need not secure a majority of the votes. In the electoral race, the candidate who is ahead of others and who crosses the winning post first of all, is the winner. 

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Constitution prescribes Proportional Representation system for the election of President, Vice President, and for the election to the Rajya Sabha and Vidhan Parishads. However, for the elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies, First Past the Post system is used.

Ans: C

Exp:

The Executive organ of the government includes the Prime Minister, the ministers and a large organisation called the bureaucracy or administrative machinery. Trained and skilled officers who work as permanent employees of the government are assigned the task of assisting the ministers in formulating policies and implementing these policies.  The bureaucracy is also expected to be politically neutral. This means that the bureaucracy will not take any political position on policy matters.

Ans: C

Exp:

The Executive is the branch of government responsible for the implementation of laws and policies in the country. The executive is often involved in framing the policy too. The executive branch includes both Political and Permanent executives. The Political Executive consists of the President, Vice President, Council of Ministers (including cabinet ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. Bureaucrats are part of the permanent executive. Hence, they are not part of the Political Executive.

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct:  In the system of the Executive Presidency (a form of semi-presidential executive), the President chooses the Prime Minister from the party that has a majority in Parliament. Though ministers must be members of Parliament, the President has the power to remove the Prime Minister, or ministers. Apart from being the elected Head of State and the Commander-in Chief of the Armed Forces, the President is also the Head of Government. E.g. -Sri Lanka.

Statement 2 is incorrect: A semi-presidential form of government is one in which the President is directly elected by the people of the country and this form of government is also known as the system of executive presidency. Under the system of the Executive Presidency, it may happen that both the President and the Prime Minister belong to the same political party or to different political parties.

Sri Lanka is a good example of a semi-presidential form of government.

Ans: C

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect:  The election method of the Vice-President  is similar to that of the President; the only difference is that members of State legislatures are not part of the electoral college, which means he is  elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote, and the voting in such an election is by secret ballot. 

Statement 2 is correct: The Vice President is elected for five years. 

Statement 3 is incorrect: The Vice President may be removed from his office by a resolution of the Rajya Sabha passed by a majority and agreed to by the Lok Sabha, not by the president on the recommendations of the council of ministers.

Statement 4 is incorrect: The Vice President acts as the ex officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and takes over the office of the President when there is a vacancy by reason of death, resignation, removal by impeachment, or otherwise. The Vice President acts as President only until a new President is elected.