Ans: D

Exp:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: During the late 1820s, there emerged a radical, intellectual trend among the youth in Bengal, which came to be known as the ‘Young Bengal Movement’ led by  Henry Vivian Derozio. Drawing inspiration from the great French Revolution, Derozio inspired his pupils to think freely and rationally, question all authority, love liberty, equality, and freedom, and oppose decadent customs and traditions. However this movement had its own limitations such as Derozians lacked any real link with the masses; for instance, they failed to take up the peasants’ cause. 
• Statement 2  is incorrect: The Ahmadiyya Movement was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in 1889. It was based on liberal principles. It described itself as the standard-bearer of the Mohammedan Renaissance, and based itself, like the Brahmo Samaj, on the principles of Universal religion for all humanity, opposing jihad (sacred war against non-Muslims). The movement spread Western liberal education among Indian Muslims. 
• Statement 3  is incorrect: The Theosophical Movement was led by Madame H.P. Blavatsky (1831- 1891) and Colonel M.S. Olcott, who were inspired by Indian thought and culture.  The society believed that a special relationship could be established between a person’s soul and God by contemplation, prayer, revelation, etc. It accepted Hindu beliefs in reincarnation and karma, and drew inspiration from the philosophy of the Upanishads, Samkhya, yoga, and Vedanta schools of thought.     

Reference : Spectrum, Chapter 9, A General Survey of the Reform Movements and their Leaders.

Ans: D

Exp:

• Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: Sati Abolition Act of 1829, also known as the Bengal Sati Regulation, was landmark legislation passed by the British East India Company that banned the practice of Sati, or the immolation of widows on their husbands funeral pyres.
• Pair 2 is correctly matched: The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, was intended to give the Central Government power to establish telegraph lines on private as well as public property. 
• Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: The relentless efforts of a Parsi reformer, B.M. Malabari  led to the passing of the Age of Consent Act, which was signed in 1891 during the Viceroyship of Lord Lansdowne. Marriage of girls under the age of twelve was prohibited by this Act. 
• Pair 4 is correctly matched: The Ilbert Bill was introduced in 1883 by Viceroy Ripon. Ripon had proposed amendments in existing laws that allowed Indian judges and magistrates to try British offenders in criminal cases at the District level.

Reference : Spectrum, Chapter 9, A General Survey of the Reform Movements and their Leaders.

Ans: C

Exp:

• Statement 1 is correct: Self- Respect movement was started by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker, a Balija Naidu, in the mid-1920s. Its main centre was in Tamil Nadu. The Kudi Arasu Journal was started by Periyar in 1910.
• Statement 2 is correct: The movement aimed at nothing short of a rejection of the Brahmanical religion and culture, which Naicker felt were the prime instruments of exploitation of the lower castes. He sought to undermine the position of Brahmin priests by formalising weddings without Brahmin priests.

 Reference: Spectrum, Chapter 9, A General Survey of the Reform Movements and their Leaders.

Ans: B

Exp:

Lord Lytton served as Viceroy for the period of 1876-1880. He introduced the following repressive acts:

• The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 restricted the Indian Press’s ability to publish newspapers in local Indian languages. The Act came to be nicknamed “the Gagging Act”. The worst feature of this Act was discrimination between English and vernacular press. Under the Vernacular Press Act of 1878, proceedings were instituted against Som Prakash, Bharat Mihir, Dacca Prakash, and Samachar. Lord Ripon repealed the Vernacular Press Act in 1882. Hence, Option 1 is correct
• The Arms Act of 1878 required Indians to apply for a licence to keep, sell, or buy arms.  The law did not apply to the Britishers and was seen as a sign of racial discrimination and oppression by the Indian nationalists. Hence, Option 2 is correct

The Licencing Act of 1857 was passed by Governor General Canning in response to the Revolt of 1857 in order to place more stringent limitations on the press. This Act reserved the right to stop the publication and circulation of any book, newspaper, or printed matter. Hence, Option 3 is incorrect

Ilbert Bill, 1883-84 was a legislative act introduced in 1883 during the tenure of Viceroy Ripon (not Lord Lyton).  The bill stated that the British and European subjects would be tried in session courts by Indian judges who were senior enough in the civil service to preside over such proceedings. Hence, Option 4 is incorrect

Reference: Chapter 10, Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India, Spectrum.

Ans: B

Exp:

• Pair 1 is correct: The Indian League was started in 1875 by Sisir Kumar Ghosh with the object of “stimulating the sense of nationalism amongst the people” and encouraging political education.
• Pair 2 is incorrect: The East India Association was organised by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866 in London to discuss the Indian question and influence the public in England to promote Indian welfare. Later, branches of the association were started in prominent Indian cities.
• Pair 3 is incorrect: The Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha was formed in 1836 by associates of Raja Rammohan Roy. It was a Pre-Congress Nationalist Association for spreading Roy’s ideas.

Reference: Chapter 10, Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India, Spectrum.